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Beyond Borders: Global and European History (MA)

About the programme

This one-year master's programme explores the political and cultural evolution of the world from a long-term, and broad comparative perspective. This creates a better understanding of the entangled nature of today's society.

Beyond Borders courses

The courses in the Beyond Borders programme emphasise how the circulation of people, practices, goods, and ideas has shaped our world. For example, how issues of cultural production, rejection and appropriation affected the historical development of both European and global societies. You will examine long-term entanglements, global and European developments and the way different contexts, as listed below, cross each other: 

  • Social activism 
  • Political insitutions  
  • Public memory 
  • Culture 

Programme structure

Semester 1
Literature seminar 10 EC
Research seminar 10 EC
Research workshop 10 EC
Semester 2
Optional course(s) 10 EC
MA Thesis 20 EC
Seminars and workshops

In the seminars and workshops students meet in small  groups to discuss historical themes, sources, methods and historiographical debates. These courses focus on acquiring knowledge, learning analytical and practical skills, and exchanging ideas and reflection. The courses in the first semester are all related to the specialisation.  

Elective(s) and thesis

In the second semester, you can fill the elective , either by choosing a course from a wide range of possibilities, within or outside the MA History, or opt for an internship. Our Study Advisor can tell you about all the possibilities. As part of your MA thesis, you will carry out research on a self-selected topic within the scope of your specialisation. You will do this under the supervision of a supervisor of your choice, thereby making use of the knowledge and expertise that Leiden has to offer. 

Literature seminar

The Literature Seminar (10 EC) is the introductory course of the MA specialisation that every student begins with. In this intensive 2-hour weekly seminar, you will delve deeper into key themes and academic debates related to the track's focus, using secondary sources such as monographs and academic articles. 

Research workshop

In the Research  workshop (10 EC) you will learn to work with a wide range of research methods and sources, including digital tools, and engage in discussions on topics such as professional conduct, ethical dilemmas, and the relevance of history for society and the job market.  

Research Seminar

The Research Seminar (10 EC) is a seminar in which students conduct research using primary sources and literature, presentations are given, and a paper is written. The Research seminar is a 2-hour per week course for twelve weeks that is concluded with a substantial paper.  

Optional course(s) or internship

You can choose from MA courses offered at level 400 or higher within or outside the MA History, or opt for an internship. 

Thesis

The programme concludes with a thesis, based on original source research and a final oral exam. Together they are valued at 20 EC. During the final ceremony you are expected to present and defend your thesis vis-à-vis with your thesis supervisor and a second examiner.

Preliminary List of Research Seminars offered in the MA His-tory, Leiden University 2026-2027

Please note: this course overview is provisional and may be updated. For questions, please see our website or e-mail us at MAHistory@hum.leidenuniv.nl.

Ancient History: Empires, Societies and Cultures

Early Christianity: Jews, Christians and Pagans in Roman Asia Minor

Prof.dr. Jürgen Zangenberg

Long before any Roman set foot on what is now the western coast of modern Turkey, however, cities like Ephesus, Miletus or Smyrna had been hubs of cultural exchange for centuries. This seminar will examine examples of cultural exchange, focusing for example on Greek oracles, the healing god Asklepios, indigenous priests of the Roman imperial cult and women prophets from rural Phrygia.

Global and Local in the Ancient Mediterranean

Dr. Miko Flohr            

An important development in the history of the Ancient Mediterranean was the emergence and intensification of trans-regional networks of economic, social, cultural and political exchange. People, cities, and regions were increasingly connected over longer distances, and this had a profound impact on the everyday lives of people, their ideas, expectations and ambitions. A key question in ancient history is how these ‘global’ networks intersected with ‘local’ situations. In this Research Seminar we explore how the ‘global’ and the ‘local’ interacted in Greece,  Italy and elsewhere in the Mediterranean between ca. 400 BCE and 200 CE – from the late Classical Greek period, until well into the Roman imperial period. How does increasing longer-distance connectivity redefine sanctuaries, cities, politics, economic life, and cultural practice, and how is this reflected in our sources, material and textual?

Beyond Borders: Global and European History

Anti-Democracy in American History: Independence to the Present

Prof.dr. Damian Pargas

A perusal of American history reveals that illiberal and anti-democratic values and movements—aimed at obstructing democratic participation and nullifying liberal rights—have played an important role for over two centuries. This course examines illiberalism and anti-democracy from the Revolution to the present.

Russia Revisited in War and Revolution, 1914-1921

Dr. Henk Kern

The Russian Revolution of 1917 was for long time considered to be the definitive watershed moment in Russian history, but historians now discern deeper continuities between the old regime, the communist regime and in its post-communist present-day form of a presidential republic. In this seminar we’ll have a fresh look at the Russian Revolution of 1917 in its larger context of War which started in 1914 and was more or less ended in 1921. We’ll make an analysis of the successive efforts by historians to explain and (re)frame this war-revolutionary era.

Arsenal of Democracy?: the United States and the World since 1945

Dr. William Michael Schmidli 

This course traces and analyzes the significance of war, human rights, and democracy for the American people, U.S. institutions, and U.S. foreign relations from the 1940s to the early 2000s. The central research question framing this course is: how did war shape the structures, practices, and values of U.S. democracy from the Second World War to the War on Terror?             

Social Movements in Latin America

Dr. Soledad Valdivia Rivera

In the last decades the Latin American region has seen the proliferation and empowerment of social movements, ranging from the Zapatista Movement in Mexico in 1994 to the Student Movement in Chile and ‘#’ movements such as #NiUnaMenos and the most recent wave of social protest at the end of 2019, dubbed the ‘Latin American Spring’. The course first introduces the main scholarly debates on Latin American Social Movements. It then examines the role of social movements in the political scenario and takes particular interest in understanding why social movements such a recurrent and influential actor in Latin America.

Peace Movements: a Global History

Dr. Carolien Stolte

What would a truly global history of peace advocacy look like? In this course, we will first delve into the thoughts and actions of twentieth century peace activists from around the world. What political, philosophical or religious ideas informed their thinking? Next, we will look at what happens when peace activists from different regions work together in international organizations for peace. How do their ideas of peace interact, clash, and change in the process?

Early Modern Diasporas

Dr. Lionel Laborie

The early modern period saw numerous episodes of forced migrations as a result of state persecution and religious violence. These communities have traditionally been described as ‘diasporas’ and studied separately from one another. In recent years, however, scholars have drawn attention to the existence of both intra- and extra-diasporic networks and increasingly questioned the very notion of ‘diaspora’ because of the social cohesion, mutual trust and cultural homogeneity it implies. This seminar will discuss some of the best-known examples of early modern diasporas (Mennonites, Sephardim and Ashkenazim Jews, Huguenots, Catholics, Jacobites, Moravians…) from a both systemic and cross-cultural perspective. 

Colonial knowledge, environmental care, and heritage (un)making in Southeast Asia

Prof.dr. Marieke Bloembergen

In this research seminar we will study histories, politics and ethics of heritage formation in colonial and postcolonial Southeast Asia (and beyond), in the light of debates on decolonization, restitution and environmental care. We focus on practices of knowledge production on, and care for, both natural/ environmental and cultural objects in and from the region – or objects classified as such. We attempt to cross the nature/ culture divide in heritage formation, aiming to understand 1. how heritage politics in colonial and postcolonial times helped creating this divide, and 2. how nature has shaped and transformed cultural heritage and vice versa.

Culture and Conquest: the Impact of the Mongols and their Descendants

Prof.dr. Gabrielle van den Berg and Prof.dr. Jos Gommans

In the thirteenth century, the Mongols created a vast empire that covered large parts of Asia, the Middle East and Europe. The Mongols heralded a new era of globalization by creating unprecedented opportunities for cultural transmission and exchange. In this course, we will look at the immediate and long-term impact of the Mongols and their descendants (e.g. the Timurids and Mughals) on the course of Eurasian history. And how did the Mongols themselves fashion their legacy and to what extent were they able to construct their own image and memory in e.g. art, literature and history-writing?

Research Seminars History of Inequality and Power

Minority Encounters

Dr. Nadia Bouras Dr. Rebekka Grossmann

This course explores the interconnected histories and memories of Jewish and Muslim communities in Europe and North Africa from the late nineteenth century to the present. It examines how colonialism, migration, and nation-building shaped Jewish–Muslim relations, producing moments of coexistence, conflict, and solidarity. Taking a transnational and postcolonial approach, the course follows these interactions across imperial, national, and diasporic contexts, including Morocco, Algeria, France, and the Netherlands.

(In)Equalizers! Social and Economic Histories of Inequality(ies) and Difference(s)

Dr. Paul van Trigt and prof.dr. Catia Antunes

Inequality is a pressing societal issue that has garnered recent attention from historians, social scientists, and politicians. However, inequalities cannot be comprehended, influenced, or altered without understanding their historical roots. Inequalities and the disparities they generate have persisted throughout history, particularly during moments of social and economic upheaval and affirmation. This course addresses why inequalities emerge in human societies between 1500 and 2000. We adopt the multifaceted concept of (social, symbolic, and economic) capital as conceptualized by Bourdieu to grasp the mechanisms underpinning the formation of unequal societies.

Culture and society in the medieval Muslim world

Dr. Jelle Brunning

This course examines the daily life experience of Muslims during the first four centuries of Islamic history, when caliphs ruled from Medina, Damascus and Baghdad respectively over an area that stretched from the Atlantic coast in the west to the Hindu Kush in the east. The course focuses on Egypt, one of the Muslim empire’s most prosperous provinces. The course studies the social history of this province through the lens of a unique but largely neglected type of sources that gives unfiltered and unpolished insight into these Muslims’ society: their own private letters, administrative documents, legal deeds, and other texts written on papyrus that have been preserved today.

Social Movements in Latin America

Dr. Soledad Valdivia Rivera

In the last decades the Latin American region has seen the proliferation and empowerment of social movements, ranging from the Zapatista Movement in Mexico in 1994 to the Student Movement in Chile and ‘#’ movements such as #NiUnaMenos and the most recent wave of social protest at the end of 2019, dubbed the ‘Latin American Spring’. The course first introduces the main scholarly debates on Latin American Social Movements. It then examines the role of social movements in the political scenario and takes particular interest in understanding why social movements such a recurrent and influential actor in Latin America.

Research Seminars Geschiedenis van Nederland in de Wereld

Kritiek op kolonialisme

Dr. Bart Verheijen, Dr. Maartje Janse

Er wordt wel eens gesteld dat kritiek op kolonialisme een recent verschijnsel is. De bronnen laten echter laten zien dat die kritiek er altijd geweest is. Dit research seminar analyseert de woorden en daden van critici van het Nederlandse kolonialisme van de late achttiende eeuw tot nu. Er klonk kritiek op uitbuiting, slavernij en andere vormen van gedwongen arbeid, rechtsongelijkheid en excessief geweld, en uiteindelijk steeds meer op het koloniale stelsel als zodanig.

Kennis is macht?

Dr. Claire Weeda Prof.dr. Judith Pollmann

Vanaf de late middeleeuwen tot het midden van de achttiende eeuw ging de groeiende macht van de Nederlanden gepaard met het bijeenbrengen en vermarkten van kennis. In ons seminar denken wij na over de relatie tussen kennis en macht in die vroegmoderne context van de Nederlandse steden en hun verbinding met de wereld daarbuiten, en van praktijkkennis tot institutionele en wetenschappelijke kennis. Hoe was kennis in de stad verbonden met machtsstructuren binnen en buiten de stad? Hoe haalden steden kennis binnen, transformeerden ze die en zetten ze kennis in voor eigen doelen?

Politiek in Nederland en de koloniën

Dr. Dennis Bos  Dr. Diederik Smit

In dit vak onderzoeken we het koloniaal project van de negentiende en twintigste eeuw niet als een afzonderlijk beleidsterrein, als een exotische sideshow, of als een verschijnsel waarvan het einde ‘historisch noodzakelijk’ zou zijn geweest. In plaats daarvan kijken we wat er gebeurt als we het kolonialisme als een integraal bestanddeel van de Nederlandse politieke geschiedenis opvatten en vragen stellen naar de bijdrage van koloniale uitbuiting aan de modernisering van Nederland. Wat was bijvoorbeeld de invloed van teruggekeerde ‘Indischgasten’ in de Tweede Kamer, of de rol van koloniaal geweld overzee bij de totstandkoming van een nationale identiteit hier? Misschien kan dit vak zelfs antwoord geven op de prangende vraag hoe het tegenwoordige succes van identiteitspolitiek wortelt in het koloniaal verleden van Nederland.

Internships

Due to Leiden's location between the largest cities in the country, you can do internships at a large number of organizations and institutes. The history department maintains close ties with - to name just a few: 

  • Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  • European Union
  • International Organisations
  • NGOs
  • Heritage organisations  
  • Museums
  • Black Archives 
  • International Institute for Social History
  • Transnational Institute
  • Roosevelt Institute for American Studies

Extracurricular activities 

To encourage the exchange of ideas and academic dialogue, the Institute for History regularly hosts lectures. Distinguished scholars and professionals from both the Netherlands and abroad are invited to share their insights. Leiden researchers also regularly give lectures and present their ongoing research projects. These informal gatherings are free to attend and warmly welcome students, offering valuable opportunities where students and staff can meet outside of the classroom. 

Admission and Application

Do you want to find out if you are eligible for this master's Programme?

Check the admission requirements