Ab de Jong
Professor Comparative Religion and Religions of Antiquity / Scientific director
- Name
- Prof.dr. A.F. de Jong
- Telephone
- +31 71 527 2585
- a.f.de.jong@hum.leidenuniv.nl
- ORCID iD
- 0000-0003-2774-3333
Ab de Jong is a Professor of Comparative Religion and Religions of Antiquity at the Leiden University Centre for the Study of Religion.
More information about Ab de Jong
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Prof.dr. Albert de Jong is Lecturer in Religious Studies and teaches courses on the academic study of religion on various levels, as well as courses on the history of religions of the ancient world. The main focus of his research is the religious history of Iran, from the earliest period to the present.
Curriculum Vitae
De Jong studied Theology and Persian in Utrecht and Old and Middle Iranian languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Utrecht in 1996, with a dissertation on Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin literature (publ. 1997). He was a Golda Meir Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1996-1997) and has been in Leiden since 1997, first as a post-doctoral researcher and from 1998 as lecturer in Religious Studies.
His current research project is “The Religious History of the Sasanian Empire (224-642 ce).” This will be the fifth volume in the series A History of Zoroastrianism and will cover not not just the history of Zoroastrianism by itself, but also the interaction between Zoroastrians, Christians, Jews, Manichaeans, and Mandaeans in a crucial period of their development. These communities are all served by a considerable body of scholarly literature and by ongoing scholarly attention, but often in regrettable isolation from the wider context. It must be clear that one cannot understand the Babylonian Talmud without knowledge of Sasanian law and institutions any more than one can study the development of Zoroastrianism without taking into account the challenges of Manichaeism and Christianity. In order to do justice to the subject, therefore, two volumes are in preparation: one that follows the history of Zoroastrianism from the rise of Ardashir up to the Arab invasions, and a separate volume that will offer a “profile” of Sasanian Zoroastrianism in the multiple contexts of the Empire.
Selected publications
- 'Eeuwig, ongeschapen, maar zonder ‘bestaan’: de Boze Geest en zijn werkelijkheid in het zoroastrisme’ (‘Eternal, uncreated, but without “existence”: the Evil Spirit and his reality in Zoroastrianism’), in: R. Wiche (red.), Des duivels. Het kwaad in religieuze en spirituele tradities, Leuven/Voorburg: Acco, 2005, 51-64
- ‘The First Sin: Zoroastrian Ideas about the Time before Zarathustra’, in: S. Shaked (ed.), Genesis and Regeneration. Essays on Conceptions of Origins, Jeruasalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 2005, 192-209
- ‘Zoroastrian Religious Polemics and their Contexts: Interconfessional Relations in the Sasanian Empire,’ in: T.L. Hettema & A. van der Kooij (eds.), Religious Polemics in Context. Papers presented to the Second International Conference of the Leiden Institute for the Study of Religions (Studies in Theology and Religion 11), Assen: Royal van Gorcum, 2004, 48-63
- ‘Sub Specie Maiestatis: Reflections on Sasanian Court Rituals,’ in: M. Stausberg (ed.), Zoroastrian Rituals in Context (NUMEN Book Series 102), Leiden: Brill, 2004, pp. 345-365 H.-G. Nesselrath, B. Bäbler, M. Forschner & A. de Jong, Dion von Prusa. Menschliche Gemeinschaft und göttliche Ordnung: Die Borysthenes-Rede (SAPERE VI), Darmstadt: WBG, 2003. 207 pp.
- ‘Dions Magierhymnen: zoroastrischer Mythos oder griechische Phantasie?’ in: H.-G. Nesselrath et alii, Dion von Prusa. Menschliche Gemeinschaft und göttliche Ordnung: Die Borysthenes-Rede, Darmstadt 2003, pp. 156-178
- ‘Zoroastrian Self-Definition in Contact with Other Faiths,’ in: S. Shaked & A. Netzer (eds.), Irano-Judaica V, Jerusalem: the Ben Zvi Institute, 2003, pp. 16-26
- ‘Pāzand and “Retranscribed” Pahlavi: On the Philology and History of Late Zoroastrian Literature,’ in: L. Paul (ed.), Persian Origins – Early Judaeo-Persian and the Emergence of New Persian (Iranica 6), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2003, pp. 67-77
- ‘Vexillologica Sacra: Searching the Cultic Banner,’ in: C.G. Cereti, M. Maggi & E. Provasi (eds.), Religious Themes and Texts of pre-Islamic Iran and Central Asia. Studies in Honour of Professor Gherardo Gnoli on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday on 6th December 2002 (Beiträge zur Iranistik 24), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2003, pp. 191-202
- ‘Women and Ritual in Medieval Zoroastrianism,’ in: C.G. Cereti & F. Vajifdar (eds.), Ātaš-e dorūn. The Fire Within. Jamshid Soroush Soroushian Memorial Volume II, n.p.: 1stbooks, 2003, pp. 147-161 ‘Animal Sacrifice in Ancient Zoroastrianism: A Ritual and its Interpretations,’ in: A.I. Baumgarten (ed.), Sacrifice in Religious Experience (Studies in the History of Religions 93), Leiden: Brill, 2002, 127-148
- ‘Zoroastrianism and the Greeks,’ Ph. Godrej & F. Punthakey Mistree (eds.), A Zoroastrian Tapestry: Art, Religion, and Culture, Ahmedabad: Mapin, 2002, 65-81
- ‘A New Syrian Mithraic Tauroctony,’ Bulletin of the Asia Institute, N.S. 11 (1997 [2000]), 53-63
- ‘Purification in absentia. On the Development of Zoroastrian Ritual Practice,’ in: J. Assmann & G.G. Stroumsa (eds.), Transformations of the Inner Self in Religious Traditions (Studies in the History of Religions 83), Leiden: Brill, 1999, 301-329
- ‘Shadow and Resurrection,’ Bulletin of the Asia Institute, N.S. 9 (1995[1997]), 215-224 Traditions of the Magi. Zoroastrianism in Greek and Latin Literature (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 133), Leiden: Brill, 1997. 496 pp.
- ‘Jeh the Primal Whore? Observations on Zoroastrian Misogyny,’ in: R. Kloppenborg & W.J. Hanegraaff (eds.), Female Stereotypes in Religious Traditions (Studies in the History of Religions 66), Leiden: Brill, 1995, 15-41
Professor Comparative Religion and Religions of Antiquity / Scientific director
- Faculty of Humanities
- Leiden Institute for Area Studies
- LUCSoR
- Jong A.F. de (2021), The religion of the Achaemenid rulers. In: Jacobs B. & Rollinger R. (Eds.) A Companion to the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell. 1199-1209.
- Jong A.F. de (2021), Dynastic Zoroastrianism in Commagene: the religion of King Antiochos. In: Blömer M., Riedel S., Versluys M.J. & Winter E. (Eds.), Common Dwelling Place of all the Gods: Commagene in its Local, Regional and Global Hellenistic Context. Oriens et Occidens no. 34. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. 253-294.
- Davidsen M.A. & Jong A.F. de (2018), In memoriam: Prof. dr. Meerten ter Borg (1946-2017), Leids Universitair Weekblad Mare 41(16): 6.
- Jong A.F. de (2018), Zoroastrianism, Historic Correspondence. In: Kassam Z.R., Kornberg Greenberg Y. & Bagli J. (Eds.), Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. Dordrecht: Springer. 805-808.
- Jong A.F. de (2018), Spiritual elite communities in the contemporary Middle East, Sociology of Islam 6(2): 116-140.
- Jong A.F. de (2017), Being Iranian in Antiquity (at Home and Abroad). In: Strootman R. & Versluys M.J. (Eds.), Persianism in Antiquity no. 25. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. 35-47.
- Jong A.F. de (2017), The Women who Witnessed Zoroaster's Birth. In: Morano E., Provasi E. & Rossi A.V. (Eds.), Studia Philologica Iranica: Gherardo Gnoli Memorial Volume. Serie Orientale Roma, Nuova Serie no. 5. Roma: Scienze e Lettere. 85-91.
- Jong A.F. de (2016), Waar het vuur niet dooft: Joodse en christelijke gemeenschappen in het Sasanidenrijk, Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift 70(3): 175-186.
- Jong A.F. de (2016), Parthian Heritage - Persian Culture; How the Shahnama became the Persian "National" Epic. In: Sharma S. & Waghmar B. (Eds.), Firdawsii Millennium Indicum: Proceedings of the Shahnama Millenary Seminar, the K.R. Cama Oriental Institute Mumbai, 8-9 January, 2011. Mumbai: The K.R. Cama Oriental Institute. 35-44.
- Jong A.F. de (2016), Nieuwe rituelen voor nieuwe verschijnselen: bekering in de antieke wereld, Phoenix: Tijdschrift voor de archeologie en geschiedenis van het Nabije Oosten 62(1): 26-39.
- Jong A.F. de (2016), First Man, First Twins: The Origins of Humankind in Zoroastrian Thought. In: Houtman A., Kadari T. & Poorthuis M. (Eds.), Religious Stories in Transformation: Conflict, Revision and Reception. Jewish and Christian Perspectives no. 31. Leiden: Brill. 52-65.
- Jong A.F. de (2016), The Denkard and the Zoroastrians of Baghdad. In: Williams A.V., Stewart S. & Hintze A. (Eds.), The Zoroastrian Flame: Exploring Religion, History and Tradition. London: I.B. Tauris. 223-238.
- Jong A.F. de (2016), The Disintegration and Death of Religions. In: Stausberg M. & Engler S. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Study of Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 646-664.
- Davidsen M.A., Berger M.S., Jong A.F. de, Williams C.L., Boer E.M de, Wall E.G.E. van der, Frishman J., Dessing N.M., Hofstee W. & Buisman J.W. (14 December 2015), Leidse Visie voor het Religieonderwijs. Leiden Religie Blog. Leiden: Universiteit Leiden. [blog entry].
- Jong A.F. de (2015), Matthew's Magi as Experts on Kingship. In: Barthel P. & Kooten G. van (Eds.), The Star of Bethlehem and the Magi: Interdisciplinary Perspectives from Experts on the Ancient Near East, the Greco-Roman World, and Modern Astronomy no. 19. Leiden: Brill. 271-285.
- Jong A.F. de (2015), Armenian and Georgian Zoroastrianism. In: Stausberg M. & Vevaina Y.S.-D. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell. 119-128.
- Jong A.F. de (2015), Going, going, gone! The Fate of the Demons in Late Sasanian and Early Islamic Zoroastrianism. In: Swennen P. (Ed.), Démons iraniens. Liège: Presses Universitaires de Liège. 163-170.
- Davidsen M.A., Berger M.S., Jong A.F. de, Williams C.L., Boer E.M. de, Wall E.G.E. van der, Frishman J., Dessing N.M., Hofstee W. & Buisman J.W. (17 December 2015), Verplicht religiekunde voor alle scholieren. Reformatorisch Dagblad, Forum: 6-7.
- Jong A.F. de (2015), Religion and Politics in Pre-Islamic Iran. In: Stausberg M. & Vevaina Y.S.-D. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell. 85-101.
- Jong A.F. de (2014), The Cologne Mani Codex and the Life of Zarathushtra. In: Herman G. (Ed.), Jews, Christians and Zoroastrians: Religious Dynamics in a Sasanian Context. Judaism in Context no. 17. Piscataway: Gorgias Press. 129-147.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Religion in Iran: The Parthian and Sasanian Periods (247 BCE - 654 CE). In: Salzman M.R. & Adler W. (Eds.), The Cambridge History of Religions in the Ancient World, volume II: From the Hellenistic Age to Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 23-53.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Religion in Iran: The Parthian and Sasanian Periods (247 BCE - 654 CE). In: Salzman M.R. & Adler W. (Eds.), The Cambridge History of Religions in the Ancient World II: From the Hellenistic Age to Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 23-53.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Magi, Persian. In: Bagnall R.S., Brodersen K., Champion C.B., Erskine A. & Huebner S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 4220.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Purity and pollution in ancient Zoroastrianism. In: Frevel C. & Nihan C. (Eds.), Purity and the Forming of Religious Traditions in the Ancient Mediterranean World and Ancient Judaism. Leiden: Brill. 183-194.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Ostanes. In: Bagnall R.S., Brodersen K., Champion C.B., Erskine A. & Huebner S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 4956-4957.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Ahura Mazda. In: Bagnall R.S., Brodersen K., Champion C.B., Erskine A. & Huebner S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 238-239.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Anahita. In: Bagnall R.S., Brodersen K., Champion C.B., Erskine A. & Huebner S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 394-395.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Religion, Persian. In: Bagnall R.S., Brodersen K., Champion C.B., Erskine A. & Huebner S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 5787-5788.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Zoroastrianism. In: Bagnall R.S., Brodersen K., Champion C.B., Erskine A. & Huebner S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 7183-7185.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Ahriman. In: Bagnall R.S., Brodersen K., Erskine A. & Huebner S. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Ancient History. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 238.
- Jong A. de (2013), The Zoroastrians of Iran from the Arab Conquests to the late Nineteenth Century. In: Stewart S. (Ed.), The Everlasting Flame: Zoroastrianism in History and Imagination. London: I.B. Tauris. 42-49.
- Jong A.F. de (2013), Hatra and the Parthian Commonwealth. Dirven L. (Ed.), Hatra. Politics, Culture and Religion between Parthia and Rome. . Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag. 143-160.
- Jong A.F. de (2012), Mara's God(s) and Time. Merz A. & Tieleman T. (Eds.), The Letter of Mara bar Sarapion in Context. . Leiden: Brill. 141-153.
- Jong A.F. de (2010), Johannes de Doper en de Mandeeërs, Schrift: tijdschrift over de bijbel 42(6): 218-221.
- Jong A.F. de (2010), Iranian Connections in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Lim T.H. & Collins J.J. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Dead Sea Scrolls. . Oxford: Oxford University Press. 479-500.
- Jong A.F. de (2010), Religion at the Achaemenid Court. Jacobs B. & Rollinger R. (Eds.), Der Achämenidenhof. The Achaemenid Court. . Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 533-558.
- Jong A.F. de (2010), Purity and Responsibility: A Difficult Case of Zoroastrian Purity Laws. Karanjia R.P. (Ed.), Dasturji dr. Hormazdyar Dastur Kayoji Mirza Birth Centenary Memorial Volume. . Udvada: Dastur Kajoyi Mirza Institute. 80-94.
- Jong A.F. de (2010), Ahura Mazda the Creator. Curtis J. & Simpson St.J. (Eds.), The World of Achaemenid Persia. History, Art and Society in Iran and the Ancient Near East. . London: I.B. Tauris. 85-89.
- Jong A.F. de (2009), The Peacock and the Evil One: Tawusi Melek and the Mandaean Peacock. In: Allison C., Joisten-Pruschke A. & Wendtland A. (Eds.), From Daēnā to Dīn. Religion, Kultur und Sprache in der iranischen Welt. Festschrift für Philip Kreyenbroek zum 60. Geburtstag. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 303-320.
- Jong A.F. de (2009), The Culture of Writing and the Use of the Avesta in Sasanian Iran. In: Pirart E. & Tremblay X. (Eds.), Zarathushtra entre l’Inde et l’Iran. Études indo-iraniennes et indo-européennes offertes à Jean Kellens à l’occasion de son 65e anniversaire. Wiesbaden: Reichert. 27-41.
- Jong A.F. de (2008), Les quatres phases de la religion mazdéenne, Cours et travaux du Collège de France 108: 907-909.
- Jong A.F. de (2008), A quodam Persa exstiterunt: Re-Orienting Manichaean Origins. Houtman A., Jong A.F. de & Misset-van de Weg M. (Eds.), Empsychoi Logoi. Religious Innovations in Antiquity. Studies in Honour of Pieter Willem van der Horst. . Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity. Leiden: Brill. 81-106.
- Houtman A., Jong A.F. de & Misset-van de Weg M. (Eds.) (2008), Empsychoi Logoi. Religious Innovations in Antiquity. Studies in Honour of Pieter Willem van der Horst. Leiden: Brill.
- Jong A.F. de (Ed.) (2008), . Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders.
- Jong A.F. de (2008), Historians of religion as the agents of religious change. In: Drees W.B. & Koningsveld P.S. van (Eds.), The Study of Religion and the Training of Muslim Clergy in Europe: Academic and Religious Freedom in the 21st Century. Leiden: Leiden University Press. 195-218.
- Jong A.F. de (2008), Jeh. In: , Encyclopaedia Iranica 618-219.
- Jong A.F. de (Ed.) (2008), . Persica : Uitgave van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran (Annual of the Dutch-Iranian Society).
- Jong A.F. de (2008), Introduction. In: Jong A.F. de & Misset-van de Weg M. (Eds.), Empsychoi Logoi. Religious Innovations in Antiquity. Studies in Honour of Pieter Willem van der Horst. Leiden: Brill. xvii-xxiv.
- Jong A.F. de (2008), The Beginning and the End of the Šahrestānīhā ī Ērānšahr, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 71: 53-58.
- Jong A.F. de (28 April 2006), Obituary: Mary Boyce. The Independent.
- Jong A.F. de (2006), One nation under god? The early Sasanians as guardians and destroyers of holy sites. In: Kratz R.G. & Spieckermann H. (Eds.), Götterbilder – Gottesbilder – Weltbilder. Band I: Ägypten, Mesopotamien, Persien, Kleinasien, Syrien, Palästina. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. 223-238.
- Jong A.F. de (2006), Secrets and Secrecy in the Study of Religion: Comparative Views from the Ancient World. In: Scheid B. & Teeuwen M. (Eds.), The Culture of Secrecy in Japanese Religion. London/New York: Routledge. 37-59.
- Jong A.F. de (2005), The contribution of the Magi. In: Sarkhosh Curtis V. & Stewart S. (Eds.), Birth of the Persian Empire. London: I.B. Tauris. 85-99.
- Jong A.F. de (2005), The first sin: Zoroastrian ideas about the time before Zarathustra. In: Shaked S. (Ed.), Genesis and regeneration: essays on conceptions of origins. Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 192-209.
- Jong A.F. de (2004), Sub specie maiestatis: reflections on sasanian court rituals. In: Stausberg M. (Ed.), Zoroastrian Rituals in Context. Leiden: Brill. 345-365.
- Jong A.F. de (2004), Over de vermenging van goed en kwaad: een zoroastrische kosmogonie uit de negende eeuw. In: Burg C. van der & Minnema L. (Eds.), In de ban van het kwaad. Het kwaad in religieuze verhalen wereldwijd. Zoetermeer: Meinema.
- Jong A.F. de (2004), Over de vermenging van goed en kwaad: een zoroastrische kosmogonie uit de negende eeuw. In: Burg C. van der & Minnema L. (Eds.), In de ban van het kwaad. Het kwaad in religieuze verhalen wereldwijd,. Zoetermeer: Meinema. 83-99.
- Jong A.F. de (2004), Zoroastrian religious polemics and their contexts: interconfessional relations in the Sasanian empire. In: Kooij A. van der & Hettema T. (Eds.), Religious polemics in context. Assen: Van Gorcum.
- Jong A.F. de (2003), Hermes. In: , Encyclopædia Iranica. ?: ?.
- Jong A.F. de (2003), Dions magierhymnen: zoroastrischer Mythos oder griechische Phantasie?. In: , Dion von Prusa. Menschliche Gemeinschaft und göttliche Ordnung: Die Borysthenes-Rede. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftlicher Buchgesellschaft.
- Jong A.F. de (2003), Zoroastrian self-definition in contact with other faiths. In: , Irano-Judaica no. 5. Jerusalem: The Ben Zvi Institute.
- Jong A.F. de (2003), Dion von Prusa. Menschliche Gemeinschaft und göttliche Ordnung: Die Borysthenes-Rede. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
- Berg G.R. van den, Bruijn J.T.P. de, Jong A.F. de, Haar J.G.J. ter, Hillebrand R., Seyed-Gohrab A.A. & Vogelsang W.J. (Eds.) (2003), . Persica : Uitgave van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran (Annual of the Dutch-Iranian Society).
- Jong A.F. de (2003), Heracles. In: , Encyclopædia Iranica. ?: ?.
- Jong A.F. de (2003), Vexillologica sacra: searching the cultic banner. In: , Religious themes and texts of pre-islamic Iran and central Asia. Studies in honour of professor Gherardo Gnoli. Wiesbaden: Reichert.
- Jong A.F. de (2003), Pazand and retranscribed Pahlavi: on the philology and history of late Zoroastrian literature. In: , Persian origins: early Judaeo-Persian and the emergence of New Persian. Iranica no. 6. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Jong A.F. de (2003), Women and ritual in medieval Zoroastrianism. In: , Ātaš-e dorun: the fire within. Jamshid Soroush Soroushian memorial volume II: 1stBooks.
- Berg G.R. van den, Bruijn J.T.P. de, Jong A.F. de, Haar J.G.J. ter, Seyed-Gohrab A.A. & Vogelsang W.J. (Eds.) (2002), . Persica : Uitgave van het Genootschap Nederland-Iran (Annual of the Dutch-Iranian Society).
- Jong A.F. de (2002), Zoroastrianism and the Greeks. In: , A Zoroastrian Tapestry. Art, Religion and Culture. Ahmedabad: Unknown.
- Jong A.F. de (2002), animal sacrifice in ancient zoroastrianism: a ritual and its interpretations. In: , Sacrifice in Religious Experience. Leiden: Brill.
- Jong A.F. de (2000), Een duivel in Jeruzalem: Over de joden in de zoroastrische literatuur, Te-Ef : Blad van de Theologische Faculteit van de R.U. Leiden 29.3: .
- Jong A.F. de (2000), Purification in absentia: On the Development of Zoroastrian Ritual Practice. In: Asmann J.J. (Ed.), Transformations of the Inner Self in Ancient Religions. Leiden: Brill.
- Jong A.F. de (2000), A new Syrian Mithraic tauroctony, Bulletin of the Asia Institute 11: .
- Jong A.F. de (2000) Recensie van M. Stausberg, Faszination Zarathushtra. Zoroaster und die Europäische Religionsgeschichte der frühen Neuzeit. Review of: , Recensie van M. Stausberg, Faszination Zarathushtra. Zoroaster und die Europäische Religionsgeschichte der frühen Neuzeit. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 63.
- Jong A.F. de (1999) Review of F.M. Kotwal and Ph.G. Kreyenbroek, The H_rbedest_n and N_rangest_n, vol. II: N_rangest_n, Fragard. Review of: , Review of F.M. Kotwal and Ph.G. Kreyenbroek, The H_rbedest_n and N_rangest_n, vol. II: N_rangest_n, Fragard. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society .
- Jong A.F. de (1999) Secrecy and Concealment. Studies in the History of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Religions. Review of: , Secrecy and Concealment. Studies in the History of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Religions. Bibliotheca Orientalis 56.
- Jong A.F. de (1999), Vohu Manah. In: , Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible.
- Jong A.F. de (1999), Bavincks bijdrage aan de studie van de islam in Gereformeerde kring, Radix 25: .
- Jong A.F. de (1999), Atti del terzo congresso internazionale di studi "Manicheismo e oriente Christiano antico", Arcavacata di Rende - Amantea, 31 agosto - 5 settembre 1993, Bibliotheca Orientalis 56: .
- Jong A.F. de (1999), The Archaeology and Art of Central Asia: Studies from the Former Soviet Union, Bibliotheca Orientalis 56: .
- Jong A.F. de (1998) Review of P.G. Kreyenbroek, Yezidism: Its Background, Observances and Textual Tradition. Review of: , Review of P.G. Kreyenbroek, Yezidism: Its Background, Observances and Textual Tradition. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 61.
- Jong A.F. de (1998) Review. of M. Vitalone, The Persian Rev_yat "Ithoter." Zoroastrian Rituals in the Eighteenth Century. Review of: (1996), Review. of M. Vitalone, The Persian Rev_yat "Ithoter." Zoroastrian Rituals in the Eighteenth Century. Prana 110.
- Jong A.F. de (1998) Review of P.G. Kreyenbroek, Yezidism: Its Background, Observances and Textual Tradition. Review of: , Review of P.G. Kreyenbroek, Yezidism: Its Background, Observances and Textual Tradition. Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders 52.
- Jong A.F. de (1998), A New Mithraic Relief, Israel Museum Journal XVI: 85-90.
- Jong A.F. de (1998), A New Mithraic Relief, Israel Museum Journal 16: .
- Jong A.F. de (1997), Traditions of the Magi. Zoroastrianism in Greek & Latin Literature. Leiden: Brill.
- Jong A.F. de (1995), Shadow and Resurrection, Bulletin of the Asia Institute New S. 9: 215-225.