We apply our technology and methods to find biomarkers for key disease pathways and toxicity in clinical studies and in in-vitro (organ-on-a-chip) and animal models. For example, we try to understand why 30% of diabetic patients develop kidney disease, and why not all patients benefit from pharmacological treatment to prevent kidney disease. This can help to predict the proper treatment of patients (who needs what treatment), and to develop novel pharmacological interventions taking interindividual differences patients into account. Next to (cardio)vascular diseases we apply this approach also to neurodegenerative diseases.