Holders of one of the following degrees may be admitted to the programme:

1. Direct admission:
   When you have a bachelor’s degree in Security Studies, Public Administration or Political Science from Leiden University, you can be directly admitted. You can register through Studielink without needing to complete an application in Leiden University’s application system (Usis).
2. Eligible for direct admission:
   When you have a bachelor's degree in Public Administration, Political Science or International Relations from a recognised research university other than Leiden University you are eligible for direct admission. Register through Studielink and complete your application in Leiden University’s application system (uSis).
3. A bachelor’s degree from an accredited research university provided the student meets requirements across two pillars. First, at least 30 ECTS obtained from courses in the fields of governance, crisis or security related knowledge. Second, at least 20 ECTS related to empirical research skills in social sciences or similar empirical research skills. Register through Studielink and complete your application in Leiden University’s application system (uSis).
4. When you have a bachelor’s degree in Safety and Security Management Studies (SSMS) at The Hague University of Applied Sciences and have fulfilled the following academic criteria.
   Please note: you will have to apply through Studielink and the subsequent uSis application portal. Further, you still must meet the English language proficiency requirement mentioned in the paragraph ‘Language Requirements’ below.

If you meet the conditions under 1, you only need to apply through Studielink. If you do not meet the conditions under 1, you will need to apply through Studielink and through the online application system (uSis). You will be assessed on an individual base on proficiency in the English language and the requirements mentioned in 'Elaboration'.

Language requirements

IELTS/TOEFL/Cambridge:

• IELTS 6.5
• TOEFL (internet-based) 90
• CPE or CAE 180

The test result may not be older than two years at the time of enrolment for the programme.

Exemption:

You are eligible for exemption from submitting results of an English proficiency test, if you meet one of the following requirements:

• An International Baccalaureate diploma from a programme taught in English (or an IB diploma with English A);
• A diploma of secondary or higher education completed in Australia, Canada (with the exception of the French-language programmes in Canada), Ireland, Malta, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States or South Africa;
• A diploma of an English-taught university degree programme completed at a Dutch research university;
• A pre-university education (VWO) diploma;
• A bachelors' or masters' diploma from a Dutch university of applied sciences of an English taught programme if all instruction and examinations were held in English.

For detailed information, including exemption criteria and methods of submission, refer to English language proficiency.

English tests accepted

Results may not be more than two years old! 

• IELTS: academic modules only 
• TOEFL: internet based
  - We do not accept TOEFL My Best ™ scores (multiple test scores combined). The sufficient score must be obtained in one individual test. Also not accepted are institutional tests such as ITP.
  - We are able to accept the TOEFL Special Home Edition™  for admission to the academic years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022.
• Cambridge English Exam C2 Proficiency or C1 Advanced, depending on admission criteria

Please note: You do not have to submit proof of proficiency if you have completed your education in Australia, Canada (with the exception of the French-language programmes in Canada), Ireland, Malta, New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom, the United States or South Africa; or when you hold an International Baccalaureate, or for Dutch students, if you have completed VWO level English or an English-taught bachelor at a Dutch Research University.

Holders of a bachelor's degree from a research university with a maximum of 5 ECTS of deficiencies, can eliminate their deficiencies in the curriculum by showing relevant knowledge with their extracurricular courses as shown on the below table:

The above elaboration on the requirements give an indication whether you will be admitted or not. At the same time, there are no assurances given. The first step by the Board of Admission is to examine the degree obtained. If this degree significantly differs in content from the master programme (e.g.: a degree in biology, physics, mathematics, industrial engineering, language studies), it will not be possible to bridge these deficiencies by online courses. 

• Bachelor degree in international studies:
  watch out for deficiencies in research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow electives that are methodological in nature, and complete the online courses if there is still a maximum 5ECTS deficiency.
• Bachelor degree in criminology:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect. Make sure to follow electives that include this (e.g. on the organization or management of police forces), ​​​​​​​and complete the online courses if there is still a maximum 5ECTS deficiency.
• Bachelor degree in history:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect, and brush up on research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow relevant electives, ​​​​​​​and complete the online courses if there is still a maximum 5ECTS deficiency.
• Bachelor degree in law:
  watch out for deficiencies in crisis and security related topics (a course on criminal law is as such not sufficient), and especially research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow relevant electives, ​​​​​​​and complete the online courses if there is still a maximum 5ECTS deficiency.
• Bachelor degree in psychology:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect. Follow relevant electives, and complete the online courses if there is still a maximum 5ECTS deficiency.
• Master degrees in the above fields:
  a Master degree should strengthen your knowledge on at least empirical research. Make sure to submit writing samples.
• Bachelor or Master degree from a University of Applied Sciences (HBO):
  though these programmes might touch upon one or even both pillars in the curriculum, they do so from a perspective of applied sciences. Hence applicants lack theoretical background needed to start the Master’s programme. It will almost be impossible to adhere to the requirements.

Minor

Finally, a minor programme can be a great way to increase knowledge on the two pillars. Currently, the Institute of Security and Global Affairs offers five minor programmes, but other minor programmes may also prove valuable:

• Security, Safety and Justice: the different courses touch upon each of the two pillars.
• Intelligence Studies: the different courses touch upon each of the two pillars.
• Global Affairs: the different courses concentrate on crisis, security and governance topics.
• Violence Studies: the different courses concentrate on crisis, security and governance topics.
• Cybersecurity and Cybercrime: the different courses concentrate on crisis, security and governance topics.

(a) When you have a bachelor’s degree in Security Studies from Leiden University, you are always eligible for direct admission. You can register through Studielink

(b) When you have a bachelor’s degree in Safety and Security Management Studies (The Hague University of Applied Sciences) and have fulfilled the following academic and administrative criteria, your application to the Msc programme ‘Crisis and Security Management’ of Leiden University will be accepted:

• a bachelor’s degree in Safety and Security Management Studies (SSMS) from The Hague University of Applied Science;
• At least minimum GPA of 7.5 for all the following courses combined:
  * Year 2
  - Safety Risk Management
  - International Relations and Geopolitics
  - National Security Systems
  - Managing International Conflict
  
  * Year 3
  - Interorganisational Cooperation
  - Rethinking Safety and Security
  - Thesis Research Skills
  - Thesis Research Tutorial
   
• a minimum grade of 7.5 for each of the following elements in year 4
  - Written Thesis
  - Thesis Defence

Please note: you will have to apply through Studielink and the subsequent uSis application portal. Further, you still must meet the English language proficiency requirement mentioned in the paragraph ‘Language Requirements’ below.

(c) If you don't meet the conditions under a or b, you will need to apply through Studielink and through the online application system. You will be assessed on an individual base. The assessment will be based, amongst others, on:

• Demonstrable knowledge of relevant contemporary and emerging security and/or crisis related challenges, and relevant developments in a globalized world;
• Demonstrable knowledge of the interlinkages of actors, approaches, consequences and possible impacts of security and/or crisis related issues (governance perspective);
• Demonstrable ability to theoretically, conceptually and/or empirically develop a research project, and subsequently analyse it using relevant research skills, with a focus on social science research skills;
• Proficiency in the English language: see next paragraph for details.

IELTS/TOEFL/Cambridge:

• IELTS 7.0 (A minimum score of IELTS 7.0 required for each of the four components);
• TOEFL (internet-based) 100. A minimum score of TOEFL 25 is required for each of the four components.
• CPE or CAE 185

Exemption:
You are eligible for exemption from submitting results of an English proficiency test, if you meet one of the following requirements:

• A diploma of secondary or higher education completed in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia or Canada (with the exception of French-taught education in Canada);
• A diploma of an English-taught academic Bachelor programme completed at a Dutch research university;
• A Dutch pre-university education (VWO) diploma.

Detailed information English language proficiency

For detailed information, including exemption criteria and methods of submission, refer to English language proficiency.

English tests accepted

Results may not be more than two years old! 

• IELTS: academic modules only 
• TOEFL: internet based
  - We do not accept TOEFL My Best ™ scores (multiple test scores combined). The sufficient score must be obtained in one individual test. Also not accepted are institutional tests such as ITP.
  - We are able to accept the TOEFL Special Home Edition™  for admission to the academic years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022.
• Cambridge English Exam C2 Proficiency or C1 Advanced, depending on admission criteria

Please note: You do not have to submit proof of proficiency if you have completed your education in Canada (except French-taught programmes in Canada), USA, UK, Ireland, New Zealand or Australia, or when you hold an International Baccalaureate, or for Dutch students, if you have completed VWO level English or an English-taught bachelor at a Dutch Research University.

• Include a placement letter in English, in which you explain how you meet the admission requirements. Shortly refer to your personal and professional background and interests to explain how well you fit into the programme, and how it will help you to achieve your future goals. Make sure to use this template.
• Include an up-to-date Curriculum Vitae. This also serves to help the Board of Admissions form an impression of you and gain further insight in your experiences (work and/or education) that might contribute to establish admissibility to the programme.

Applicants to the Crisis and Security Management MSc programme can show proficiency in the three pillars of Crisis and/or Security related topics, Governance and Empirical Research skills in Social Sciences via different ways.

The table below shows per pillar how applicants should show proficiency; Please note that the value of the columns differs. While you can show relevant knowledge either by your curriculum or your work experience (so these are functionally equal), the extracurricular column is meant to eliminate smaller deficiencies in the curriculum, and is not sufficient by itself.

The above elaboration on the three pillars give an indication whether you will be admitted or not. At the same time, there are no assurances given. The first step by the Board of Admission is to examine the degree obtained. If this degree significantly differs in content from the master programme (e.g.: a degree in biology, physics, mathematics, industrial engineering, language studies), it will not be possible to bridge these deficiencies by work experience or online courses. Here are some general guidelines for your convenience (again, non-exhaustive, and no assurances can be given that this will guarantee you admission):

• Bachelor degrees in public administration, political science, international relations: generally the three pillars are already present in the curriculum. Make sure that there is a strong relationship with crisis and security related topics.
• Bachelor degree in international studies:
  watch out for deficiencies in research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow electives that are methodological in nature, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in criminology:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect. Make sure to follow electives that include this (e.g. on the organization or management of police forces), or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in history:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect, and brush up on research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in law:
  watch out for deficiencies in crisis and security related topics (a course on criminal law is as such not sufficient), and especially research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in psychology:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect. Follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Master degrees in the above fields:
  a Master degree should strengthen your knowledge on at least empirical research. Make sure to submit writing samples.
• Bachelor or Master degree from a University of Applied Sciences (HBO):
  though these programmes might touch upon one, several, or even all of the three pillars in the curriculum, they do so from a perspective of applied sciences. Hence applicants lack theoretical background needed to start the Master’s programme. We strongly recommend to follow relevant additional courses at University level, or to complete all of the online courses suggested above (or similar ones). 
  Make sure to submit writing samples as well that demonstrate your abilities in research (methodology and research design).

Minor

Finally, a minor programme can be a great way to increase knowledge on the three pillars. Currently, the Institute of Security and Global Affairs offers three minor programmes, but other minor programmes may also prove valuable:
•    Security, Safety and Justice: the different courses touch on each of the three pillars.
•    Global Affairs: the different courses concentrate on crisis and security topics, and to some extent governance issues.
•    Intelligence Studies: the different courses concentrate mainly on crisis and security topics.

(a) When you have a bachelor’s degree in Security Studies are always eligible for direct admission. You can register through Studielink.

(b) When you have a bachelor’s degree in Safety and Security Management Studies (The Hague University of Applied Sciences) and have fulfilled the following academic and administrative criteria, your application to the Msc programme ‘Crisis and Security Management’ of Leiden University will be accepted:

• a bachelor’s degree in Safety and Security Management Studies (SSMS) from The Hague University of Applied Science;
• At least minimum GPA of 7.5 for all the following courses combined:
  * Year 2
  - Safety Risk Management
  - International Relations and Geopolitics
  - National Security Systems
  - Managing International Conflict
  
  * Year 3
  - Interorganisational Cooperation
  - Rethinking Safety and Security
  - Thesis Research Skills
  - Thesis Research Tutorial
   
• a minimum grade of 7.5 for each of the following elements in year 4
  - Written Thesis
  - Thesis Defence

Please note: you will have to apply through Studielink and the subsequent uSis application portal. Further, you still must meet the English language proficiency requirement mentioned in the paragraph ‘Language Requirements’ below.

(c) If you don't meet the conditions under a or b, you will need to apply through Studielink and through the online application system. You will be assessed on an individual base. The assessment will be based, amongst others, on:

• Demonstrable knowledge of relevant contemporary and emerging security and/or crisis related challenges, and relevant developments in a globalized world;
• Demonstrable knowledge of the interlinkages of actors, approaches, consequences and possible impacts of security and/or crisis related issues (governance perspective);
• Demonstrable ability to theoretically, conceptually and/or empirically develop a research project, and subsequently analyse it using relevant research skills, with a focus on social science research skills;
• Proficiency in the English language: see next paragraph for details.

IELTS/TOEFL/Cambridge:

• IELTS 7.0 (A minimum score of IELTS 7.0 required for each of the four components);
• TOEFL (internet-based) 100. A minimum score of TOEFL 25 is required for each of the four components.
• CPE or CAE 185

Exemption:
You are eligible for exemption from submitting results of an English proficiency test, if you meet one of the following requirements:

• A diploma of secondary or higher education completed in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia or Canada (with the exception of French-taught education in Canada);
• A diploma of an English-taught academic Bachelor programme completed at a Dutch research university;
• A pre-university education (VWO) diploma.

Detailed information English language proficiency

For detailed information, including exemption criteria and methods of submission, refer to English language proficiency.

English tests accepted

Results may not be more than two years old! 

• IELTS: academic modules only 
• TOEFL: internet based
  - We do not accept TOEFL My Best ™ scores (multiple test scores combined). The sufficient score must be obtained in one individual test. Also not accepted are institutional tests such as ITP.
  - We are able to accept the TOEFL Special Home Edition™  for admission to the academic years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022.
• Cambridge English Exam C2 Proficiency or C1 Advanced, depending on admission criteria

Please note: You do not have to submit proof of proficiency if you have completed your education in Canada (except French-taught programmes in Canada), USA, UK, Ireland, New Zealand or Australia, or when you hold an International Baccalaureate, or for Dutch students, if you have completed VWO level English or an English-taught bachelor at a Dutch Research University.

• Include a Statement of Purpose (maximum of 2 A4 pages) in English, in which you explain your motivation for applying to the programme and how you meet the admission requirements. Shortly refer to your personal and professional background and interests to explain how well you fit into the programme, and how it will help you to achieve your future goals. To show how you meet the admission requirements, we recommend using this template.
• Include an up-to-date Curriculum Vitae. This also serves to help the Board of Admissions form an impression of you and gain further insight in your experiences (work and/or education) that might contribute to establish admissibility to the programme.

Applicants to the Crisis and Security Management MSc programme can show proficiency in the three pillars of Crisis and/or Security related topics, Governance and Empirical Research skills in Social Sciences via different ways.

The table below shows per pillar how applicants should show proficiency; Please note that the value of the columns differs. While you can show relevant knowledge either by your curriculum or your work experience (so these are functionally equal), the extracurricular column is meant to eliminate smaller deficiencies in the curriculum, and is not sufficient by itself.

The above elaboration on the three pillars give an indication whether you will be admitted or not. At the same time, there are no assurances given. The first step by the Board of Admission is to examine the degree obtained. If this degree significantly differs in content from the master programme (e.g.: a degree in biology, physics, mathematics, industrial engineering, language studies), it will not be possible to bridge these deficiencies by work experience or online courses. Here are some general guidelines for your convenience (again, non-exhaustive, and no assurances can be given that this will guarantee you admission):

• Bachelor degrees in public administration, political science, international relations: generally the three pillars are already present in the curriculum. Make sure that there is a strong relationship with crisis and security related topics.
• Bachelor degree in international studies:
  watch out for deficiencies in research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow electives that are methodological in nature, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in criminology:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect. Make sure to follow electives that include this (e.g. on the organization or management of police forces), or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in history:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect, and brush up on research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in law:
  watch out for deficiencies in crisis and security related topics (a course on criminal law is as such not sufficient), and especially research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in psychology:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect. Follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Master degrees in the above fields:
  a Master degree should strengthen your knowledge on at least empirical research. Make sure to submit writing samples.
• Bachelor or Master degree from a University of Applied Sciences (HBO):
  though these programmes might touch upon one, several, or even all of the three pillars in the curriculum, they do so from a perspective of applied sciences. Hence applicants lack theoretical background needed to start the Master’s programme. We strongly recommend to follow relevant additional courses at University level, or to complete all of the online courses suggested above (or similar ones).

Minor

Finally, a minor programme can be a great way to increase knowledge on the three pillars. Currently, the Institute of Security and Global Affairs offers three minor programmes, but other minor programmes may also prove valuable:
•    Security, Safety and Justice: the different courses touch on each of the three pillars.
•    Global Affairs: the different courses concentrate on crisis and security topics, and to some extent governance issues.
•    Intelligence Studies: the different courses concentrate mainly on crisis and security topics.

(a) When you have a bachelor’s degree in Security Studies are always eligible for direct admission. You can register through Studielink.

(b) When you have a bachelor’s degree in Safety and Security Management Studies (The Hague University of Applied Sciences) and have fulfilled specific academic and administrative criteria, your application to the Msc programme ‘Crisis and Security Management’ of Leiden University will be accepted. Please note: you will have to apply through Studielink and the subsequent uSis application portal.

(c) If you don't meet the conditions under a or b, you will need to apply through Studielink and through the online application system. You will be assessed on an individual base. The assessment will be based, amongst others, on:

• Demonstrable knowledge of relevant contemporary and emerging security and/or crisis related challenges, and relevant developments in a globalized world;
• Demonstrable knowledge of the interlinkages of actors, approaches, consequences and possible impacts of security and/or crisis related issues (governance perspective);
• Demonstrable knowledge of relevant research skills;
• Demonstrable ability to theoretically, conceptually and/or empirically translate a security and/or crisis related issue into a research project, and subsequently analyse it;
• Proficiency in the English language: see next paragraph for details.

IELTS/TOEFL/Cambridge:

• IELTS 7.0 (A minimum score of IELTS 7.0 required for each of the four components);
• TOEFL (internet-based) 100. A minimum score of TOEFL 25 is required for each of the four components.
• CPE or CAE 185

Exemption:

You are eligible for exemption from submitting results of an English proficiency test, if you meet one of the following requirements:

• An International Baccalaureate diploma (or other with English A) or European Baccalaureate;
• A diploma of secondary or higher education completed in the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia or Canada (with the exception of French-taught education in Canada);
• A diploma of an English-taught university degree programme completed at a Dutch research university;
• A pre-university education (VWO) diploma;
• A high school (or higher) diploma determined by SEA (Admissions Office) in an EER country, where English has been studied up to and including the final year of the programme, and where the level of English can be considered comparable to Dutch VWO (pre-university education);
• Course units to be determined by the Board of Admissions, which provide evidence of a particular level of language, obtained in a bachelor’s programme.

You could include a Statement of Purpose (maximum of 2 A4 pages) in English, in which the candidate explains his/her motivation for applying to the programme.

A statement of purpose could serve to help the Board of Admissions form an impression and understand why you are interested in our Master’s programme and how he/she meets the admission requirements. It should explain the reasons why the applicant would like to join the programme. This can be done by referring to one’s personal and professional background and interests, by explaining what aspects of the programme the applicant finds particularly interesting or how the programme might contribute to the achievement of the applicant’s personal goals.

Further, you could include an up-to-date curriculum vitae. Again, this serves to help the Board of Admissions form an impression of you and gain insight in your experiences (work and/or education) that might contribute to establish admissibility to the programme.

The last three conditions for admission are especially important in the evaluation of the Board of Admission, since the first two conditions are more easily ascertainable. They are referred to as the three pillars. In the next paragraphs you will find a none-exhaustive list of ways the Board of Admission will evaluate these.

1. Crisis and Security related

Demonstrable knowledge of relevant contemporary and emerging security and/or crisis related challenges, and relevant developments in a globalized world.

The curriculum contains several courses related to (organisational) crises, the governance of crisis, security studies, terrorism studies, intelligence studies or (the governance of) cyber security. To some extent also international politics (though best combined with other courses). Course descriptions are appreciated.

or

Relevant work experience obtained in a crisis and security related context. This work experience should be managerial in nature, so not solely the execution of crisis and security related tasks.

or

One or several online courses have been followed regarding this subject. Some examples: the online Coursera course 'Terrorism and Counterterrorism', the online Coursera Course 'Risk in Modern Society' and the online Coursera course 'Security and Safety Challenges in a Globalized World'. Course certificates need to be obtained, proving that the participation and knowledge advancement were also evaluated. Other online courses will be evaluated on an individual basis by certificates obtained.

2. Governance perspective

Demonstrable knowledge of the inter-linkages of actors, approaches, consequences and possible impacts of security and/or crisis related issues (governance perspective).

The curriculum contains several courses related to public management, EU or international governance, organisational management, networks, or (international) politics. Course descriptions are appreciated.

or

Relevant work experience has been obtained in a middle to higher level management position of a public organization or NGO.

or

One or several online courses have been followed regarding this subject. Some examples: the online Coursera course 'Organisational Analysis' and the online Coursera Course 'Risk in Modern Society'. Course certificates need to be obtained, proving that the participation and knowledge advancement were also evaluated. Other online courses will be evaluated on an individual basis by certificates obtained.

3. Relevant empirical research skills

Demonstrable ability to theoretically, conceptually and/or empirically translate a security and/or crisis related issue into a research project, and subsequently analyse it.

The curriculum contains several courses on research skills, for example empirical research, critical review of research output, conceptual analyses of empirical material, research designs and a variety of research methodologies.

or

One or several online courses have been followed regarding this subject. Some examples: the online Coursera course 'Qualitative Methods' and the online Coursera Course 'Quantitative Methods'. Course certificates need to be obtained, proving that the participation and knowledge advancement were also evaluated. Other online courses will be evaluated on an individual basis by certificates obtained.

or

The application is accompanied by writing samples which prove familiarity with empirical research, or at least knowledge of the ability to apply theories, or asses situations and phenomena in accordance with analytical or conceptual frameworks. A Bachelor thesis as a writing sample is preferred. Please include the grade if available.

The above elaboration on the three pillars give an indication whether you will be admitted or not. At the same time, there are no assurances given. The first step by the Board of Admission is to examine the degree obtained. If this degree significantly differs in content from the master programme (e.g.: a degree in biology, physics, mathematics, industrial engineering, language studies), it will not be possible to bridge these deficiencies by work experience or online courses. Here are some general guidelines for your convenience (again, non-exhaustive, and no assurances can be given that this will guarantee you admission):

• Bachelor degrees in public administration, political science, international relations: generally the three pillars are already present in the curriculum. Make sure that there is a strong relationship with crisis and security related topics.
• Bachelor degree in international studies:
  watch out for deficiencies in research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow electives that are methodological in nature, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in criminology:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect. Make sure to follow electives that include this (e.g. on the organization or management of police forces), or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in history:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect, and brush up on research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in law:
  watch out for deficiencies in crisis and security related topics (a course on criminal law is as such not sufficient), and especially research skills. Make sure to submit writing samples, follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Bachelor degree in psychology:
  watch out for deficiencies in the governance aspect. Follow relevant electives, or complete the online courses.
• Master degrees in the above fields:
  a Master degree should strengthen your knowledge on at least empirical research. Make sure to submit writing samples.
• Bachelor or Master degree from a University of Applied Sciences (HBO):
  though these programmes might touch upon one, several, or even all of the three pillars in the curriculum, they do so from a perspective of applied sciences. Hence applicants lack theoretical background needed to start the Master’s programme. We strongly recommend to follow relevant additional courses at University level, or to complete all of the online courses suggested above (or similar ones).

Minor

Finally, a minor programme can be a great way to increase knowledge on the three pillars. Currently, the Institute of Security and Global Affairs offers three minor programmes, but other minor programmes may also prove valuable:

• Security, Safety and Justice: the different courses touch on each of the three pillars.
• Global Affairs: the different courses concentrate on crisis and security topics, and to some extent governance issues.
• Intelligence Studies: the different courses concentrate on crisis and security topics, and to some extent empirical research.