Linda Breeman
Assistant professor
- Name
- Dr. L.D. Breeman
- Telephone
- +31 71 527 2727
- l.d.breeman@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
- ORCID iD
- 0000-0002-4441-2731
Linda Breeman’s research focuses on promoting health behaviour and lifestyle changes, specializing in (eHealth) intervention development and intervention implementation in complex systems.
Research on Health Behaviour Change
Promoting a healthier lifestyle is crucial for improving overall health and well-being and thereby a more fulfilling life. For our society, promoting a healthier lifestyle is vital to reduce the global burden of chronic diseases and to alleviate the economic strain on healthcare systems. Linda Breeman’s research aims to facilitate the development and enhancement of (e)Health innovations to improve health behaviour change and maintenance, and the quality of health care. She is passionate about working on clinical questions that arise from health care practice and translating these findings into clear and realistic intervention recommendations and their implementation into complex systems. Specifically, she works on the following research themes.
Lifestyle and health behaviour change maintenance
The main focus of Linda’s research is on the sustained maintenance of health behaviour change. While initiating a healthier lifestyle, such as increasing your daily step count, may not pose significant challenges initially, the real difficulty lies in preserving these positive changes over the long term. A prerequisite of sustainable lifestyle change is the seamless integration of the new behaviour into a person’s home and social environment, effectively making them a habitual part of daily life. Linda studies this process specifically in cardiovascular patients, who learn about healthier behaviours during cardiac rehabilitation and now need to implement and maintain these changes at home. She is particularly interested in studying adherence effects; aiming to understand why some patients adhere to the program and use online interventions while others exhibit less commitment.
Development of eHealth interventions: a user-centred design approach
Over the years, Linda has been involved in the development and evaluation of multiple eHealth interventions. These include, for example, applications designed to assist parents of infants with crying, sleeping, and feeding problems, as well as an app aimed to boost step counts through use of rewards and deposit contracts. However, her main focus centres on the BENEFIT lifestyle intervention program, where she specialized in a user-centred design approach, following the CeHRes roadmap for eHealth development. Lifestyle intervention programs can only consolidate behaviour change if they simultaneously target both individual factors (e.g., capabilities, motivation) and contextual factors (e.g., environmental reinforcement). Therefore, together with PhD-students, she employed co-creation methods (e.g., usability testing techniques like heuristics evaluation and think-aloud sessions) to take into account the complex context and needs of various stakeholders (health care professionals, patients, entrepreneurs) to help develop the BENEFIT program. This program utilizes an advanced digital platform that allows access to a variety of evidence-based lifestyle interventions, personal coaching, smart technology and an integrated loyalty system that rewards cardiovascular patients for the time and energy spent on healthy lifestyle activities at home. As the research coordinator of the BENEFIT program, she now examines the effects of the program directly after cardiac rehabilitation and at one year follow-up.
Intervention implementation
Linda's interest extends to intervention implementation, providing her with an opportunity to apply her effective project management skills. She aims to enhance the sustainable adoption of developed interventions through co-creation processes, by collaboratively devising an implementation strategy with all stakeholders involved. She likes the challenge of collaborating in multidisciplinary teams to successfully improve implementation and intervention uptake in health care practice. For example, in the BENEFIT project, she aimed to boost healthcare providers' involvement, motivation, and dedication to expedite implementation and optimize patient enrolment. Together with a PhD student, she now investigates the implementation process of the BENEFIT program through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders to identify encountered barriers and facilitators.
Short CV
Linda Breeman is an Assistant Professor in health behavior change at the Health Medical and Neuropsychology unit at Leiden University. Since 2019, she is the research coordinator and project manager of the BENEFIT program, a public-private partnership consisting of medical specialists, academics and patients who have joined forces to make healthy living rewarding and to bridge the gap between healthcare and the living environment in a responsible and inspiring way. Since 2022, she is also one of the project leaders of the new ‘National Network: Healthy Living in a Healthy Environment’ (in Dutch: ‘Landelijk Netwerk: Gezond Leven in een Gezonde Omgeving’). The objective of this network is to foster a healthier society, recognizing that the effectiveness of preventive interventions lies in their sustainable integration into the broader system. Linda Breeman has obtained her PhD in 2015 at the Erasmus Medical Centre. Before she came to Leiden University, she worked at Utrecht University (2015-2019) and Warwick University, England (2014-2015).
Relevant Links
Assistant professor
- Social & Behavioural Sciences
- Psychology
- Health, Medical & Neuropsychology
- Breeman Linda D. Pérez-Alonso Andrés Kühling-Romero David Kraaijenhagen Roderik A. Al-Dhahir Isra IJzerman Renée V.H. van Eersel Roxy Wolstencroft Katherine Bonten Tobias N. Atsma Douwe E. Chavannes Niels H. van Gemert-Pijnen Lisette Kemps Hareld M.C. Scholte op Reimer Wilma Evers Andrea W.M. Janssen Veronica R. (2025), Modifiable risk factors and motivation for lifestyle change of CVD patients starting cardiac rehabilitation: The BENEFIT study, Heart & Lung 69: 31-39.
- IJzerman R V H van der Vaart R Breeman L D Kraaijenhagen R A Evers A W M Scholte op Reimer W J M Janssen V R (2025), Implementation of a complex eHealth intervention by a public–private partnership in clinical practice: a qualitative multicentre analysis using CFIR, Health Education Research 40: cyaf001.
- Breeman Linda D Janssen Veronica R Kraaijenhagen Roderik A Al-Dhahir Isra IJzerman Renée V H Wolstencroft Katherine Kraaij Wessel Bonten Tobias N Atsma Douwe E Chavannes Niels H van Gemert-Pijnen Lisette Kemps Hareld M C Scholte op Reimer Wilma Evers Andrea W M (2025), Lifestyle behaviour change of patients following cardiac rehabilitation: the BENEFIT intervention study with one-year follow-up, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology : zwaf193.
- Al-Dhahir Isra Breeman Linda D. Faber Jasper S. Wentzel Jobke van den Berg-Emons Rita J. G. Kraal Jos J. Janssen Veronica R. Kraaijenhagen Roderik A. Visch Valentijn T. Chavannes Niels H. Evers Andrea W. M. (2025), Content evaluation of the inclusive eHealth guide: how to develop interventions for people with a lower socioeconomic position?, Frontiers in Digital Health 7: 1528860.
- Buisonjé D.R. de, Reijnders T.R., Cohen Rodrigues T.R., Santhanam P., Kowatsch T., Breeman L.D., Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Kemps H.M.C. & Evers A.W.M. (2024), Less stick more carrot?: Increasing the uptake of deposit contract financial incentives for physical activity: a randomized controlled trial, Psychology of Sport and Exercise 70: 102532.
- Faber Jasper S. Kraal Jos J. ter Hoeve Nienke Al-Dhahir Isra Breeman Linda D. Chavannes Niels H. Evers Andrea W. M. Bussmann Hans B. J. Visch Valentijn T. van den Berg-emons Rita J. G. (2024), An eHealth intervention for patients with a low socioeconomic position during their waiting period preceding cardiac rehabilitation: a randomized feasibility study, European Heart Journal – Digital Health : .
- Isik Akin Rengin Breeman Linda D. Branje Susan (2024), Parent-Child Relationship, Well-Being and Home-Leaving during the Transition from High School to University, Youth 4: 80-96.
- Cohen Rodrigues Talia R. de Buisonjé David R. Reijnders Thomas Santhanam Prabhakaran Kowatsch Tobias Breeman Linda D. Janssen Veronica R. Kraaijenhagen Roderik A. Atsma Douwe E. Evers Andrea W.M. (2024), Human cues in eHealth to promote lifestyle change: An experimental field study to examine adherence to self-help interventions, Internet Interventions 35: 100726 (100726).
- Cohen Rodrigues Talia R Reijnders Thomas Breeman Linda D Janssen Veronica R Kraaijenhagen Roderik A Atsma Douwe E Evers Andrea WM (2024), Use Intention and User Expectations of Human-Supported and Self-Help eHealth Interventions: Internet-Based Randomized Controlled Trial, JMIR Formative Research 8: e38803.
- Augustin Michaela Wenzel Anne Sophie Licata-Dandel Maria Breeman Linda D. Bilgin Ayten Wolke Dieter Ziegler Margret Mall Volker Friedmann Anna (2024), App-based intervention for parents of children with crying, sleeping, and feeding problems: Usability, usefulness and implications for improvement, Internet Interventions 35: 100700 (100700).
- Al-Dhahir I., Breeman L.D., Faber J.S., Reijnders T., Van den Berg-Emons H.J.G., Van der Vaart R., Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R., Visch V.T., Chavannes N.H. & Evers A.W.M. (2023), An overview of facilitators and barriers in the development of eHealth interventions for people of low socioeconomic position: a Delphi study, International Journal of Medical Informatics 177: 105160.
- Augustin M., Licata-Dandel M., Breeman L.D., Harrer M., Bilgin A., Wolke D., Mall V., Ziegler M., Ebert D.D. & Friedmann A. (2023), "Effects of a mobile-based intervention for parents of children with crying, sleeping, and feeding problems: randomized controlled trial, JMIR mHealth and uHealth 11: e41804.
- Bente B.E., Wentzel J., Schepers C., Breeman L.D., Janssen V. R., Pieterse M.E., Evers A.W.M. & Gemert-Pijnen L. van (2023), Implementation and user evaluation of an eHealth technology platform supporting patients with cardiovascular disease in managing their health after a cardiac event: mixed methods study, JMIR Cardio 7: e43781.
- Buisonjé D.R. de, Brosig F.T., Breeman L.D., Bloom E.L., Reijnders T.R., Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Kemps H.M.C. & Evers A.W.M. (2023), Put your money where your feet are: the real-world effects of StepBet gamified deposit contracts for physical activity, Internet Interventions 31: 100610.
- Cohen Rodrigues TR., Breeman L.D., Kinik A., Reijnders T., Dusseldorp E., Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Atsma D.E. & Evers A.W.M. (2023), Effectiveness of human-supported and self-help eHealth lifestyle interventions for patients with cardiometabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis, Psychosomatic Medicine 85(9): 795-804.
- Faber J.S., Al-Dhahir I., Kraal J.J., Breeman L.D., van den Berg-Emons R.J.G., Reijnders T., van Dijk S., Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Visch V.T., Chavannes N.H. & Evers A.W.M. (2023), Guide development for eHealth interventions targeting people with a low socioeconomic position: participatory design approach, Journal of Medical Internet Research 25: e48461.
- IJzerman R.V.H., van der Vaart R., Breeman L.D., van den Broek I., Keesman M., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Reijnders T., Weerts M., Evers A.W. M., Scholte op Reimer W.J.M. & Janssen V.R. (2023), Brief lifestyle advice in cardiac care: an experimental study on message source and framing, Netherlands Heart Journal 32: 38-44.
- Cohen Rodrigues T.R., Breeman L.D., Kinik A., Reijnders T.R., Dusseldorp E.M.L., Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Atsma D.E. & Evers A.W.M. (2023), Effectiveness of human-supported and self-help ehealth lifestyle interventions for patients with cardiometabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis, Psychosomatic Medicine 85(9): 795-804.
- IJzerman R.V.H., van der Vaart R., Breeman L.D., Arkenbout K., Keesman M., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Evers A.W.M., Scholte op Reimer W.J.M. & Janssen V.R. (2023), An iterative approach to developing a multifaceted implementation strategy for a complex eHealth intervention within clinical practice, BMC Health Services Research 23: 1455.
- Endedijk H.M., Breeman L.D., Lissa C.J. van, Hendrickx M.M.H.G., Boer L. den & Mainhard T. (2022), The teacher’s invisible hand: a meta-analysis of the relevance of teacher–student relationship quality for peer relationships and the contribution of student behavior, Review of Educational Research 92(3): 370-412.
- Cohen Rodrigues T.R., Reijnders T.R., Buisonjé D.R. de, Breeman L.D., Broek I. van den, Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Atsma D.E. & Evers A.W.M. (2022), Lifestyle support preferences of patients with cardiovascular diseases: what lifestyle support might work best for whom?, PEC Innovation 1: 100071.
- Endedijk Hinke M. Breeman Linda D. van Lissa Caspar J. Hendrickx Marloes M. H. G. den Boer Larissa Mainhard Tim (2022), The Teacher's Invisible Hand: A Meta-Analysis of the Relevance of Teacher-Student Relationship Quality for Peer Relationships and the Contribution of Student Behavior, Review of Educational Research 92(3): 370-412 ( 00346543211051428).
- Buisonjé D.R. de, Reijnders T.R., Cohen Rodrigues T.R., Prabhakaran S., Kowatsch T., Lipman S.A., Bijmolt T.H.A., Breeman L.D., Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R.A., Kemps H.M.C. & Evers A.W.M. (2022), Investigating rewards and deposit contract financial incentives for physical activity behavior change using a smartphone app: randomized controlled trial, Journal of Medical Internet Research 24(10): e38339.
- Breeman Linda D. Keesman Mike Atsma Douwe E. Chavannes Niels H. Janssen Veronica van Gemert-Pijnen Lisette Kemps Hareld Kraaij Wessel Rauwers Fabienne Reijnders Thomas Reimer Wilma Scholte op Wentzel Jobke Kraaijenhagen Roderik A. Evers Andrea W. M. (2021), A multi-stakeholder approach to eHealth development: Promoting sustained healthy living among cardiovascular patients, International Journal of Medical Informatics 147: 104364.
- Hoefnagels Cees Onrust Simone van Rooijen Maaike Jonkman Harrie Van Spanje-Hennes Anna Breeman Linda D. (2021), Changing the classroom climate to lower the threshold for child abuse and neglect self-disclosure: A non-randomized cluster controlled trial, Children and Youth Services Review 130: 106196.
- Jaekel Julia Sorg Christian Breeman Linda Baumann Nicole Bilgin Ayten Baeuml Josef G. Wolke Dieter (2021), Early regulatory problems and parenting: life-long risk, vulnerability or susceptibility for attention, internalizing and externalizing outcomes?, European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30(10): 1523-1531.
- Isik Akin Rengin Breeman Linda D. Branje Susan (2021), Motivation to leave home during the transition to emerging adulthood among Turkish adolescents, Journal of Youth Studies 24(10): 1273-1290.
- Bente B., Wentzel J., Groeneveld R., IJzerman R.V.H., Buisonjé D.R. de, Breeman L.D., Janssen V.R., Kraaijenhagen R., Pieterse M., Evers A.W.M. & Gemert-Pijnen L. van (2021), Values of importance to patients with cardiovascular disease as a foundation for ehealth design and evaluation: mixed methods study, JMIR Cardio 5(2): 1-12 (e33252).
- Breeman L.D., Keesman M., Atsma D.E., Chavannes N.H., Janssen V.R., Gemert-Pijnen L. van, Kemps H., Kraaij W., Rauwers F., Reijnders T., Scholte op Reimer W., Wentzel J., Kraaijenhagen R. & Evers A.W.M. (2021), A multi-stakeholder approach to eHealth development: promoting sustained healthy living among cardiovascular patients, International Journal of Medical Informatics 147: 104364.
- Hoefnagels C., Onrust S., Van Rooijen M., Jonkman H., Van Spanje-Hennis A. & Breeman L.D. (2021), Changing the classroom climate to lower the threshold for child abuse and neglect self-disclosure: a non-randomized cluster controlled trial, Children and Youth Services Review 130: 106196.
- Jaekel J., Sorg C., Breeman L., Baumann N., Bilgin A., Bäuml J.G. & Wolke D. (2020), Early regulatory problems and parenting: life-long risk, vulnerability or susceptibility for attention, internalizing and externalizing outcomes?, European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 30: 1523-1531.
- Akin Rengin Isik Breeman Linda D. Meeus Wim Branje Susan (2020), Parent-adolescent relationship quality as a predictor of leaving home, Journal of Adolescence 79: 81-90.
- Hopman Juliette A. B. Tick Nouchka T. van der Ende Jan Wubbels Theo Verhulst Frank C. Maras Athanasios Breeman Linda D. van Lier Pol A. C. (2019), Developmental Links Between Externalizing Behavior and Student-Teacher Interactions in Male Adolescents With Psychiatric Disabilities, School Psychology Review 48(1): 68-80.
- Baumann Nicole Jaekel Julia Breeman Linda Bartmann Peter Baeuml Josef G. Avram Mihai Sorg Christian Wolke Dieter (2019), The association of infant crying, feeding, and sleeping problems and inhibitory control with attention regulation at school age, Infancy 24(5): 768-786.
- Bauml Josef G. Baumann Nicole Avram Mihai Bratec Satja Mulej Breeman Linda Berndt Maria Bilgin Ayten Jaekel Julia Wolke Dieter Sorg Christian (2019), The Default Mode Network Mediates the Impact of Infant Regulatory Problems on Adult Avoidant Personality Traits, Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 4(4): 333-342.