Leiden archaeologists play a role in repatriating Central and South American heritage
On 3 September 2025, more than 30 archaeological objects were returned to Peru, Panama and Costa Rica. The objects come from a private collection belonging to the descendants of physician and amateur archaeologist Dr Hans Feriz. In her will, his daughter stipulated that the objects collected by her father in the past should be returned to their countries of origin.
The objects are of great importance to scientific research and contribute to a better understanding and appreciation of the rich cultural history of pre-Columbian societies. This voluntary return demonstrates how private collectors can make a valuable contribution to the preservation and restoration of cultural heritage.
Archaeological objects
The ambassadors of the three countries received objects from the grandson of Dr Hans Feriz. The collection includes decorated earthenware jugs, bowls and dishes dating from approximately 500 to 2,500 years ago. The archaeological objects, collected in the mid-twentieth century, are of great significance to the countries of origin. They form part of the cultural identity of the Americas before the arrival of Europeans and provide insight into the social structures, political systems and religious beliefs of ancient societies. The return of these objects underlines the joint commitment of the Netherlands, Peru, Panama and Costa Rica to protecting cultural heritage.
Collaboration
The transfer was made possible thanks to the mediation of Martin Berger, Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Archaeology of Leiden University and former curator of the Feriz collection at the Wereldmuseum. The Inspectorate played a coordinating role, working closely with the embassies involved. The objects were identified by Dr Martin Berger, Dr John Hoopes (Anthropology, University of Kansas) and Dr Adam Benfer (Archaeology, Leiden University), in close collaboration with the Ministries of Culture of the countries of origin.
Collector
Hans Feriz was an Austrian-Dutch physician and amateur archaeologist. During his travels to Central and South America, he was also involved in archaeological excavations. He collected objects that he donated or sold to the Wereldmuseum Amsterdam (then Tropenmuseum) in the 1950s, where he was also appointed honorary research assistant. After his death, several objects remained within the family.
UNESCO
The objects being transferred are of great significance to the identity of the countries concerned. The realisation that cultural heritage is closely linked to identity has become increasingly apparent in the second half of the twentieth century. This has led, among other things, to the 1970 UNESCO Convention, which aims to prevent the unlawful export of cultural property and to return unlawfully exported heritage.
New import rules are also intended to better protect cultural heritage. From 28 June 2025, new European rules apply to the import of cultural goods into the European Union. For certain categories of cultural goods found or made outside the EU, importers must apply for an import licence or submit an importer's declaration.