Alwin Kloekhorst
Professor
- Name
- Prof. dr. A. Kloekhorst
- Telephone
- 071 5277977
- a.kloekhorst@hum.leidenuniv.nl
- ORCID iD
- 0000-0002-8338-1560
Alwin Kloekhorst is professor of Anatolian Linguistics within the Comparative Indo-European Linguistics section at LUCL. His research focuses of the Indo-European language of Ancient Anatolia (Hittite, Luwian, Lydian, Lycian, Carian, etc.) and the genealogical position of this Anatolian branch within the Indo-European language family at large. More specifically, he is concerned with historical phonology and morphology of Anatolian and Indo-European, the Indo-Anatolian Hypothesis, and the Indo-Anatolian homeland question. He also works on the synchronic philology of the Anatolian languages as well as on (Old) Hittite history.
More information about Alwin Kloekhorst
News
PhD students
Fields of interest
Comparative Indo-European linguistics; Hittitology (historical linguistics and philology); Historical linguistics and philology of the other Anatolian languages (Luwian, Lycian, Carian etc.).
Research
At the moment I am mainly working on a monograph on the accentual system of Hittite. Other topics of interest are the phonological interpretation of the Hittite consonants, the historical morphology of Anatolian, the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European ablaut-accent paradigms, and the early split up of the Indo-European language family.
Grants and awards
- 2019-present: Member of Academia Europaea (section Classics and Oriental Studies).
- 2016-2019: HERA Joint Research Program 'Multilingualism and Minority Languages in Ancient Europe' (co-applicant).
- 2015-2020: NWO-VIDI 'Spltting the Mother Tongue: the Position of Anatolian in the Dispersal of the Indo-European Language Family' (PI).
- 2008-2011: NWO-VENI 'Stressing the Facts: Accentuation in Hittite' (PI).
- 2002-2007: PhD Grant CNWS 'Integrated Etymological Treatment of the Hittite Vocabulary of Indo-European Origin'.
Curriculum vitae
| 2023-present | Professor of Anatolian Linguistics, LUCL |
| 2019-2023 | Associate Professor, LUCL |
| 2012-2019 | Assistant Professor LUCL |
| 2007 | PhD (with distinction), Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University. |
| 2002 |
Advanced Master's (with distinction), CNWS, Leiden University. |
Key publications
- Kloekhorst, A., 2019, Kanišite Hittite: The Earliest Attested Record of Indo-European (= Handbuch der Orientalistik 1.132), Leiden - Boston: Brill, xii + 303 p.
- Kloekhorst, A., 2014, Accent in Hittite. A Study in Plene Spelling, Consonant Gradation, Clitics, and Metrics (= Studien zu den Bogazköy-Texten 56), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, xxxvi + 716 p.
- Kloekhorst, A., 2008, Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (= Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 5), Leiden - Boston: Brill, xiii + 1162 p.
Professor
- Faculty of Humanities
- Leiden University Centre for Linguistics
- Kloekhorst A. & Pronk T.C. (Eds.) (2026), The Reconstruction of Indo-European Stop Systems. Leiden Studies in Indo-European no. 29. Leiden: Brill.
- Pronk T.C., Kloekhorst A. & Matasović R. (2026), Introduction: Past, Present, and Future of the Reconstruction of the Indo-European Stop System. In: Kloekhorst A. & Pronk T.C. (Eds.), The Reconstruction of Indo-European Stop Systems. Leiden: Brill. 1-13.
- Kloekhorst A. & Pronk T.C. (2026), The Reconstruction of Indo-European Stop Systems. In: Kloekhorst A. & Pronk T.C. (Eds.), The Reconstruction of Indo-European Stop Systems. Leiden: Brill. 420–442.
- Kloekhorst A. (2025), Linguistic interpretations of the spelling of Hittite dative-locative and allative singular forms. In: Goedegebuure P. & Hazenbos J. (Eds.), Ḫattanaš: A Festschrift in Honor of Theo van den Hout no. 5. Chicago: ISAC. 235-249.
- Kloekhorst A. (2024), Evidence for a new pre-Proto-Indo-European sound law *-ē̆m > PIE *-ō̆m, Indogermanische Forschungen 129(1): 185-197.
- Kloekhorst A. (2024), The 1pl. and 2pl. personal pronouns in Luwian, Anatolian, and Indo-European. In: Vernet M., Adiego I.-X., García Trabazo J.V., Hoz M.-P. de & Obrador-Cursach B. (Eds.), Gods and languages in Ancient Anatolia. Barcino monographica orientalia no. 25: Universitat de Barcelona. 453-482.
- Kloekhorst A. (2024), Review of: Bianconi M. (2021), Linguistics and cultural interactions between Greece and Anatolia: in search of the golden fleece. Leiden: Brill. Bibliotheca Orientalis 81(1-2): 95-98.
- Kloekhorst A. (2023), Proto-Indo-Anatolian, the “Anatolian split” and the “Anatolian trek”: a comparative linguistic perspective. In: Kristiansen K., Kroonen G. & Willerslev E. (Eds.), The Indo-European puzzle revisited: integrating archaeology, genetics, and linguistics. Cambridge: CUP. 42-60.
- Kloekhorst A. (2023), New interpretations in Lydian phonology. In: García Trabazo J.V.,Adiego I., Vernet M., Obrador-CursachB. & Soler S. (Eds.), New approaches on Anatolian linguistics. Anatolica et Indogermanica no. 4. Barcelona: Institut del Pròxim Orient Antic. 115-133.
- Kloekhorst A. (2022), Pluralized collectives in Young Avestan: a morphosyntactic explanation of the replacement of the YAv. nom.-acc.pl.n. endings -ā̆ and -ī̆ by -āiš, -ā̊ and -īš, Iran and the Caucasus 26(2): 162-182.
- Kloekhorst A. (2022), Luwians, Lydians, Etruscans, and Troy : the linguistic landscape of Northwestern Anatolia in the pre-classical period. In: Hajnal I., Zangger E. & Kelder J. (Eds.), The political geography of Western Anatolia in the Late Bronze Age. Budapest: Archaeolingua. 201-227.
- Kloekhorst A. (2022), Ejective stops in Hittite: evidence for a phonemic length distinction, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 85(2): 149-163.
- Kloekhorst A. (2022), Anatolian. In: Olander T. (Ed.), The Indo-European language family: a phylogenetic perspective. Cambridge: CUP. 63-82.
- Kloekhorst A. (2022), Evidence for a phonemic glottal stop in Hittite: a reassessment, Historische Sprachforschung 133(1): 111-143.
- Waal. W.J.I. & Kloekhorst A. (2022), Crime and punishment in Hittite Anatolia: a new interpretation of the verb šaku(ua)-/šakuuai- (with an etymological contribution by Alwin Kloekhorst), Journal of Cuneiform Studies 74(1): 75-87.
- Kloekhorst A. (2022), Hittite dapi(a)-, dapit/d-, dapiant– ‘all, every, each; entire’: a logographic interpretation, Hungarian Assyriological Review 3(2): 203-220.
- Kloekhorst A. (2021), A new interpretation of the Old Hittite Zalpa-text (CTH 3.1): Nēša as the capital under Ḫuzzii̯a I, Labarna I, and Ḫattušili I, Journal of the American Oriental Society 141(3): 557-575.
- Kloekhorst A. (2021), The phonetics and phonology of Hittite intervocalic fortis and lenis stops, Bibliotheca Orientalis 78(3-4): 327-352.
- Kloekhorst A. & Mens E. (2021), CaR vs. Ca-aR spellings in Hittite: evidence for a phonemic distinction between /ə/ and /a/, Hungarian Assyriological Review 2(2): 241-262.
- Kloekhorst A. & Lubotsky A. (2021), Indo-Aryan -(a)u̯artanna in the Kikkuli treatise. In: Fellner H., Malzahn M. & Peyrot M. (Eds.) lyuke wmer ra: Indo-European studies in honor of Georges-Jean Pinault. Ann Arbor, New York: Beech Stave Press. 331-336 .
- Kloekhorst A. (2020), The phonetics and phonology of the Hittite dental stops. In: Kim R.I., Mynářová J. & Pavúk P. (Eds.), Hrozný and Hittite: the first hundred years: proceedings of the International Conference Held at Charles University, Prague, 11-14 November 2015. Culture and History of the Ancient Near East no. 107. Leiden - Boston: Brill. 147-175.
- Kloekhorst A. (2020), The authorship of the Old Hittite Palace Chronicle (CTH 8): a case for Anitta, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 72: 143-155.
- Kloekhorst A. (2020), The morphophonological analysis of Hittite šipantaš, šipandaš ‘(s)he libated’, Hungarian Assyriological Review 1: 99-105.
- Kloekhorst A. & Pronk T.C. (2019), Introduction: reconstructing Proto-Indo-Anatolian and Proto-Indo-Uralic. In: Kloekhorst A. & Pronk T. (Eds.), The precursors of Proto-Indo-European: the Indo-Anatolian and Indo-Uralic hypotheses. Leiden/Boston: Brill. 1-14.
- Kloekhorst A. (2019), Hittite ‘water’. In: Bläsing U., Dum-Tragut J. & Lint T.M. van (Eds.), Armenian, Hittite, and Indo-European studies: a commemoration volume for Jos J.S. Weitenberg. Leuven: Peeters. 143-148.
- Kloekhorst A. & Waal W.J.I. (2019), A Hittite scribal tradition predating the tablet collections of Ḫattuša?: The origin of the ‘cushion-shaped’ tablets KBo 3.22, KBo 17.21+, KBo 22.1, and KBo 22.2, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 109(2): 189-203.
- Kloekhorst A. (2019), Kanišite Hittite: The Earliest Attested Record of Indo-European. Handbuch der Orientalistik no. 1.132. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
- Kloekhorst A. & Pronk T. (Eds.) (2019), The Precursors of Proto-Indo-European: The Indo-Anatolian and Indo-Uralic hypotheses. Leiden Studies in Indo-European no. 21. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
- Kloekhorst A. (2019), The etymology of Hieroglyphic Luwian izi(ya)-di ‘to do, to make': an athematic i-present in Anatolian. In: I.-X Adiego et al. (Ed.), Luwic dialects and Anatolian: inheritance and diffusion. Barcino monographica orientalia no. 12. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona. 163-180.
- Kloekhorst A. (2019), The spelling of clusters of dental stop + sibilant in Hittite, Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 73: 55-72.
- Kloekhorst A. (2019), The origin of the phonetic value of the Anatolian hieroglyphic sign *41 (CAPERE / tà), Kadmos 58(1/2): 33-48.
- Kloekhorst A. (2018), The origin of the Proto-Indo-European nominal accent-ablaut paradigms. In: Rieken E. (Ed.), 100 Jahre Entzifferung des Hethitischen. Morphosyntaktische Kategorien in Sprachgeschichte und Forschung. Akten der Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 21. bis 23. September 2015 in Marburg. Wiesbaden.
- Kloekhorst A. (2018), The origin of the Hittite ḫi-conjugation. In: Beek L. van, Kloekhorst A., Kroonen G., Peyrot M. & Pronk T. (Eds.), Farnah. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European studies in honor of Sasha Lubotsky. Ann Arbor, New York: Beech Stave Press.
- Kloekhorst A. (2018), De oude talen van Turkije: een intrigerende lappendeken. In: Gerritsen F. & Heijden H. van der (Eds.), Standplaats Istanbul. Lange lijnen in de cultuurgeschiedenis van Turkije. Amsterdam: Maas. 174-181.
- Kloekhorst A. (2018), Anatolian evidence suggests that the Indo-European laryngeals *h2 and *h3 were uvular stops, Indo-European Linguistics 6(1): 69-94.
- Beek L. van, Kloekhorst A., Kroonen G., Peyrot M., Pronk T. & Vaan M. de (Eds.) (2018), Farnah. Indo-Iranian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of Sasha Lubotsky. Ann Arbor: Beech Stave.
- Kloekhorst A. (2017), The Old Hittite and the Proto-Indo-European tense-aspect system, Indogermanische Forschungen 122: 295-307.
- Kloekhorst A. (2017), In the footsteps of the Phrygians. Understanding migrations and cross-cultural contacts in Iron Age Anatolia. In: , Aspects of Globalization; Mobility, exchange and the development of multi-cultural states. Leiden: LURIS. 6-11.
- Kloekhorst A. (2017), The Hittite genitive ending -ā̆n. In: Hansen B.S.S., Hyllested A. & et al. (Eds.), Usque Ad Radices: Indo-European studies in honour of Birgit Anette Olsen. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. 385-400.
- Kloekhorst A. (2017), Edition of etymological treatments. In: Hazenbos J. (Ed.), Friedrich J., Kammenhuber A., Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Band IV: I, Lieferung 25.
- Kloekhorst A. (2017), Edition of etymological treatments. In: Giusfredi F. (Ed.), Friedrich J., Kammenhuber A., Hethitisches Wörterbuch, Band V: K, Lieferung 26.
- Kloekhorst A. (2016), The story of Wāšitta and Kumarbi. In: Velhartická Š. (Ed.), Audias fabulas veteres. Anatolian studies in honor of Jana Součková-Siegelová. Leiden: Brill. 165-177.
- Kloekhorst A. (2016), The Anatolian stop system and the Indo-Hittite hypothesis, Indogermanische Forschungen 121: 213-247.
- Kloekhorst A. (2015), The Old Phrygian word for 'feet': new readings in the 'podas'-inscription (G-02), Kadmos 54: 107-118.
- Kloekhorst A. & Lubotsky A. (2014), Hittite nai-, nē-, Sanskrit nī-, and the PIE verbal root *(s)neh1-. In: Melchert H.C., Rieken E. & Steer Th. (Eds.), Munus amicitiae. Norbert Oettinger a collegis et amicis dicatum. Ann Arbor, New York: Beech Stave Press. 126-137.
- Kloekhorst A. (2014), Edition of the etymological treatments. In: Hazenbos J. (Ed.), Friedrich, J. & A. Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Band IV: I. Lieferung 22.
- Kloekhorst A. (2014), Accent in Hittite, A Study in Plene Spelling, Consonant Gradation, Clitics, and Metrics no. 56. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Kloekhorst A. (2014), Proto-Indo-European "thorn"-clusters, Journal of Historical Linguistics 127: 43-67.
- Kloekhorst A. (2014), Once more on Hittite ā/e-ablauting ḫi-verbs, Indogermanische Forschungen 119: 55-77.
- Kloekhorst A. (2014), Edition of etymological treatments. In: Hagenbuchner-Dresel A. (Ed.), Friedrich, J. & A. Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Band IV: I. Lieferung 24.
- Kloekhorst A. (2014), Edition of the etymological treatments. In: Giusfredi F. (Ed.), Friedrich, J. & A. Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Band IV: I. Lieferung 23.
- Kloekhorst A. (2014), De prehistorie van het Nederlands. De Europese taalfamilie gereconstrueerd, Onze Taal 2014(2/3): 46-48.
- Kloekhorst A. (2014), The Proto-Indo-European acrostatic inflection reconsidered. In: Oettinger N. & Steer T. (Eds.), Das Nomen im Indogermanischen. Morphologie, Substantiv versus Adjektiv, Kollektivum. Akten der Arbeitstagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 14. bis 16. September 2011 in Erlangen. Wiesbaden 140-163.
- Kloekhorst A. (2013), The signs TA and DA in Old Hittite: evidence for a phonetic difference, Altorientalische Forschungen 40: 125-141.
- Kloekhorst A. (2013), Ликийский язык. In: Koryakov Y.B. & Kibrik A.A. (Eds.), Языки мира: Реликтовые индоевропейские языки Передней и Центральной Азии. Moscow 131-154.
- Kloekhorst A. (2013), Indo-European Nominal Ablaut Patterns: The Anatolian Evidence, Indo-European Accent and Ablaut. 107-128.
- Kloekhorst A. (2012), The Language of Troy. In: Kelder J. (Ed.), Troy. City, Homer, Turkey: W-Books. 46-50.
- Kloekhorst A. (2012), Hittite “ā/e”-ablauting verbs. Melchert H.C. (Ed.), The Indo-European Verb. Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles 13-15 September 2010. 150-160.
- Kloekhorst A. (2012), The Phonological Interpretation of Plene and Non-Plene Spelled e in Hittite. Nielsen-Whitehead B. (Ed.), The Sound of Indo-European. Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics. 243-261.
- Kloekhorst A. (2012), Edition of the etymological treatments. In: Hazenbos J. (Ed.), Friedrich J. & A. Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Band III/2: Ḫ/ḫe- bis ḫu-. Lieferung 20.
- Kloekhorst A. (2012), Edition of the etymological treatments. In: Hagenbuchner-Dresel A. (Ed.), Friedrich, J. & A. Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Band III/2: Ḫ/ḫe- bis ḫu-. Lieferung 21.
- Kloekhorst A. (2012), The origin of the Lydian dat. sg. ending -λ, Kadmos 51: 165-173.
- Kloekhorst A. (2012), Pronominal Morphology in the Anatolian Language Family, Altorientalische Forschungen 39(2): 254-264.
- Kloekhorst A. (2011), Accentuation and Poetic Meter in Hittite. Hutter M. & Hutter-Braunsar S. (Eds.), Hethitische Literatur. Überlieferungsprozesse, Textstrukturen, Ausdrucksformen und Nachwirken. Akten des Symposiums vom 18. bis 20. Februar 2010 in Bonn. 157-176.
- Kloekhorst A. (2011), Weise’s Law: Depalatalization of palatovelars in Sanskrit. Krisch T. & Lindner T. (Eds.), Indogermanistik und Linguistik im Dialog, Akten der XIII. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft vom 21. bis 27. September 2008 in Salzburg. 261-270.
- Kloekhorst A. (2011), The accentuation of the PIE word for ‘daughter’. Pronk T. & Derksen R. (Eds.), Accent Matters. Papers on Balto-Slavic Accentology. 235-243.
- Kloekhorst A. (2011), The Opening Formula of Lycian Funerary Inscriptions: mẽti vs. mẽne, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 70/1: 235-243.
- Kloekhorst A. (2010), Edition of Etymological treatments. In: Hagenbuchner-Dresel A. (Ed.), Friedrich, J. & A. Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Band III/2: Ḫ/ḫe- bis ḫu-. Lieferung 19.
- Kloekhorst A. (2010), Edition of the etymological treatments. In: Hazenbos J. (Ed.), Friedrich, J. & A. Kammenhuber, Hethitisches Wörterbuch. Band III/2:Ḫ/ḫe- bis ḫu-. Lieferung 18.
- Kloekhorst A. (2010), Hittite mān, maḫḫan, māḫḫan, māḫḫanda and mānḫanda. In: Kim R., Oettinger N., Rieken E. & Weiss M. (Eds.), Ex Anatolia Lux. Anatolian and Indo-European Studies in Honor of H. Craig Melchert on the Occasion of his Sixty-Fifth Birthday. Ann Arbor - New York: Beechstave. 217-226.
- Kloekhorst A. (2010), Review of: Hoffner H.A.Jr. & Melchert H.C. (2008), A Grammar of the Hittite Language. Winona Lake. Kratylos 55: 13-24.
- Kloekhorst A. (2010), Initial stops in Hittite (with an excursus on the spelling of stops in Alalaḫ Akkadian), Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 100: 197-241.
- Kloekhorst A. (2009), Hittite kane/išš-zi ‚to recognize’ and other s-extended verbs. Lühr R. & Ziegler S. (Eds.), Protolanguage and Prehistory, Akten der XII. Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, Krakau, 11. bis 15. Oktober 2004. . Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. 244-254.
- Kloekhorst A. (2009), Review of: Neumann G. (2007), Glossar des Lykischen. Überarbeitet und zum Druck gebracht von Johann Tischler. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. Bibliotheca Orientalis 66: 312-316.
- Kloekhorst A. (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon. Leiden: Brill.
- Kloekhorst A. (2008), The Hittite 2pl.-ending -šten(i). Archi A. & Francia R. (Eds.), VI Congresso Internazionale di Ittitologia, Roma, 5-9 settembre 2005, Parte 2. . Roma: CNR - Istituto di Studi sule Civiltà dell'Egeo e del Vicino Oriente. 493-500.
- Kloekhorst A. (2008), Čop's Law in Luwian revisited, Die Sprache. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 46: 131-136.
- Kloekhorst A. (2008), Studies in Lycian and Carian phonology and morphology, Kadmos 47: 117-146.
- Kloekhorst A. (2008), Some Indo-Uralic Aspects of Hittite, Journal of Indo-European Studies 36: 88-95.
- Kloekhorst A. (2007), The Hittite syllabification of PIE *CuR and *KwR. Groddek D. & Zorman M. (Eds.), Tabula Hethaeorum. Hethitologische Beiträge Silvin Košak zum 65. Geburtstag. . Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. 455-457.
- Kloekhorst A. (2007) Boekbespreking. Review of: Marangozis J. (2003), A Short Grammar of Hieroglyphic Luwian. Munich: LINCOM GmbH. Language 83: 223-223.
- Kloekhorst A. (2007) Boekbespreking. Review of: Güterbock H.G. & Hoffner H.A. (2005), The Hittite Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Volume Š, Fascicle 2, šaptamenzu to -ši-. Chicago: Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Bibliotheca Orientalis 64: 429-431.
- Kloekhorst A. (31 May 2007), The Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Dissertatie, Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University). Supervisor(s): Weitenberg J.J.S.
- Kloekhorst A. (2007) Boekbespreking. Review of: Zeilfelder S. (2005), Hittite Exercise Book. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag. Bibliotheca Orientalis 64: 685-690.
- Kloekhorst A. (2006), Initial Laryngeals in Anatolian, Historische Sprachforschung 119: 77-108.
- Groddek D. & Kloekhorst A. (2006), Hethitische Texte in Transkription. KBo 35. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
- Kloekhorst A. (2006), Hittite pai-/pi- 'to give', Indogermanische Forschungen 111: 110-119.
- Kloekhorst A. (2005) Boekbespreking. Review of: Carruba O. & Meid W. (2001), Anatolisch und Indogermanisch. Akten des Kolloquiums der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft. Pavia, 22.-25. September 1998. Innsbruck: Institut fur Sprachen und Literaturen, Universitat Innsbruck. Bibliotheca Orientalis 62: 90-94.
- Kloekhorst A. (2005), Hittite hapusa(ss)- (formerly known as hapus- 'penis'), Journal of Indo-European Studies 33: 27-39.
- Kloekhorst A. (2004), The Preservation of *h1 in Hieroglyphic Luwian: Two Separate a-signs, Historische Sprachforschung 117: 26-49.
- Adviseur op het gebied van Hittitisch en Indo-Europees
- Etymologisch adviseur