Hoye presented his ideas remittances that have transformed from global political economic marginalia to one-third of international financial flows. Contemporary debates on remittances, he argues, remain grounded in debates from the early 2000s, foremostly development, democratization, and terrorism financing. He argued that remittances embody a new geopolitical phenomenon of the highest order and that the conceptual, theoretical, and analytical tools of the early 2000s are paradigmatically inapt. Instead, his grant proposal aims to forge new conceptual rudiments, cast them into a useful analytical framework, test, refine, and clarify through new qualitative empirical investigations, and then theorize the new geopolitics of remittances.